A type of cell junction that is formed between different parts within the same cell is called autotypic cell junction. Autotypic junction proteins form tight junctions found between membrane lamellae of a cell, especially in myelinating glial cells. Some of them have postsynaptic density-95/disks large/ zonula occludens-1 (PDZ) domains, which interact with the carboxyl (C)-terminal PDZ-binding motif of other proteins. PDZ domains are protein-protein interaction modules that play a role in protein complex assembly. The PDZ domain, which is widespread in bacteria, plants, yeast, metazoans, and
Drosophila
, allows the assembly of large multi-protein complexes. The multi-protein complexes act in intracellular signal transduction, protein targeting, and membrane polarization. The identified PDZ domain-containing proteins located at autotypic junctions include zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), ZO-2, pals-1-associated tight junction protein (PATJ), multi-PDZ domain proteins (MUPPs), membrane-associated guanylate kinase inverted 2 (MAGI2), and protease-activated receptor (PAR)-3. PAR-3 interacts with atypical protein kinase C and PAR-6, forming a ternary complex, which plays an important role in the regulation of cell polarity. MAGI2 interacts with α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptor at excitatory synapses. PATJ is detected in paranodal loops associated with claudin-1. On the other hand, MUPP1 is found in mesaxons and Schmidt-Lanterman incisures with claudin-5. ZO-1, ZO-2, and PAR-3 are found at all three sites. Different distributions of PDZ domain-containing proteins affect the development of autotypic junctions. In this review, we will describe PDZ domain-containing proteins at autotypic tight junctions in myelinating Schwann cells and their roles.
Introduction
There are innumerable cells in human body, and also a lots of cell junctions to communicate between the cells. In general, cell junctions are categorized into several types: gap junctions, adherens junctions, desmosomes, and tight junctions
[25]
. But in the other aspect, cell junctions also can be divided by whether the junction structure ranges between two different adjacent cells or not. One of the interesting examples in latter view is autotypic cell junction. Autotypic cell junction is defined as a type of cell junction that is formed between two structural parts in the same cell
[2]
. These junctions are usually located in Schwann cells and myelinating glial cells, especially in non-compact myelin area like Schmidt-Lanterman incisures, paranodal loops, mesaxons and the outer aspect of the nodal gap, formed between adjacent plasma membrane lamellae of the same cell (
Fig. 1
)
[2
,
24]
. Like other types of cell junctions, there are several proteins to maintain functions of autotypic cell junctions. For example, autotypic adherens junctions have cytoplasmic proteins called catenins to connect the calcium- sensitive adhesive molecule E-cadherin to the actin filaments
[24
,
105]
.
Expression of autotypic junction proteins in myelinating Schwann cell. The location of autotypic junctions in the Schmidt-Lanterman incisures, mesaxons, paranodal loop regions, and the outer collar of gap of node of Ranvier are marked with circles. A variety of autotypic junction proteins in this review article are listed with their detailed expression sites. The proteins that are detected only in the rodent nerves are put in parentheses, and the proteins that are detected only in the human nerves with asterisks. Note that the various kinds of proteins are enriched in non-compact myelin sites except for the outer side of nodal gap. There are also some differences with the kind of junction proteins between the locations of autotypic junctions, suggesting that junctions formed in distinct sites have differences with their unique structural compositions.
One of the important subtypes of autotypic cell junctions in myelinating cells is autotypic tight junctions
[2]
. These junctions are thought to function as a linking part and permeability controller, setting the extracellular spaces apart from the intramyelinic space between plasma membrane lamellae
[44
,
77]
. Despite decades of studies, the constituents that construct autotypic tight junction are still not clear. However, the composition of the junction can be inferred not only according to the previous studies but also from the components of general type of tight junctions in epithelia and endothelia. Tight junctions have very intricate structure, consisting of a variety of functional molecules and several adhesive proteins: claudin family, one of the most important tight junction proteins with paracellular barrier function that controls the molecular flow of intercellular space [84, 90, 98]; occludin, the integral membrane protein establishing barrier function of tight junctions with four putative membrane-spanning segments
[27
,
96]
; peripheral membrane proteins including zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), ZO-2, and ZO-3, which are the connector proteins that link tight junction strands to cytoskeletal actin filaments
[37
,
81]
; and junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs), the immunoglobulin superfamily proteins found at tight junctions that act as an adhesive ligands for interacting with a variety of cell types
[17
,
30
,
66]
. In addition, the proteins with postsynaptic density- 95/disks large/zonula occludens-1 (PDZ) domain can also affect the function of adhesive tight junction proteins through PDZ domain-mediated interactions with specific PDZ-binding motif in the carboxyl (C)-terminal end of the interacting proteins
[35]
. The PDZ domain is also important for pathogenetic aspects because if there are some mutations on PDZ domain, some specific diseases can be occurred. For example, some of the mutations of PDZ domain can cause an autosomal recessive type of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), a demyelinating neuropathy characterized by chronic motor weakness and sensory loss of distal extremities
[33
,
65]
. Furthermore, previous study proved that diverse types of cancers can occur by the mis-localization and mutation of the PDZ domain-containing proteins DLG1 and Scrrible, decreasing the adhesive strength of cell-cell junction sites followed by increasing level of cytoplasmic proteins
[20]
.
There were some previous studies about PDZ domain-containing proteins and autotypic tight junctions individually, but there were not many integrated studies about the interaction between them. In this review, we focused on the biochemical characteristics of the autotypic tight junction proteins and how PDZ domain-mediated interactions can make an influence on these protein functions.
- PDZ domains
PDZ domains play an important role in protein-protein interactions and often recognize the C-terminal motif
[86]
or internal sequence motif of target proteins
[34]
. They are widespread through all eukaryotes and eubacteria
[78]
. For example, there are 918 PDZ domain-containing proteins found in human and 771 PDZ domain-containing proteins found in mouse which are selected to regulate protein-protein interactions
[88]
. Furthermore, there are many kinds of PDZ domain-containing proteins such as multi-PDZ domain proteins (MUPPs), pals-1-associated tight junction protein (PATJ), and protease activated receptor (PAR)-3 (
Fig. 2
). They are linking the transmembrane proteins of tight junctions to the underlying cytoskeleton
[71]
. Moreover, PDZ domain-containing proteins regulate the protein-protein interactions, transport the micro-molecules which are take a role in signal cascade of the junctions and generate adhesion- complexes such as receptors or channels
[48]
.
Structures of PDZ domain-containing proteins in autotypic tight junctions. MUPP1 and PATJ have similar domains. While MUPP1 has an L27 domain and 13 PDZ domains, PATJ has an L27 domain and 10 PDZ domains. PAR-3 has 3 PDZ domains and an aPKC binding domain which interacts with aPKC to form the PAR-3-aPKC-PAR-6 complex. AF-6 has one PDZ domain and two Ras associated domains which inhibit insulin induced promoter activities. ZO-1 and ZO-2 have 3 PDZ domains, one SH3 domain and one GK domain in common. They both directly interact with F-actin. Only ZO-1 has ZU5 domain. MAGI2 has 6 PDZ domains with 2 WW domains and one GK domain.
Studies of the structures of PDZ domains using crystallographic and proteomic methods have provided the newest sight of PDZ domain-mediated interactions and their regulatory mechanism. They revealed that PDZ domains usually have 80-100 amino acid residues and consist of 5 to 6 β-strands and 2 to 3 α-helices
[21]
. More specifically, canonical PDZ domains are made up of 6 β-strands and 2 α-helices, one of which is short and the other one is long
[55
,
56]
. In previous report, more than 200 structures of PDZ domains have been reported, which represents the specificity of recognition between PDZ domain-containing proteins and their ligands at the molecular level
[16
,
72]
. One of the recent studies insisted discovered 16 structures of PDZ domains by their affinity to ligands, moreover, identified four additional structures by assembling existing database
[19]
. Most PDZ domains are found as isolating monomers, but some of PDZ domains form dimer. Remarkably, the dimer form does not interrupt the binding process of PDZ domains with their ligands because the specific peptides which are needed for conjugation still open
[41]
. Some PDZ domains are tandemly arranged with other PDZ domains and the tandem arrangement is needed for proper folding of the PDZ domain-containing proteins, which are considered to play important roles in supramodular formations
[62]
.
Since the number of discovered PDZ domain-containing proteins is rapidly growing, some studies make the classification depending on features of amino acid residues on the specific position. The first class protein like postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95), disks large (Dlg), ZO-1, which are the origin of their name, has serine/threonine residue at their (-2) position. The second class protein has the hydrophobic residues at the same position and α-B1 position of the PDZ domain. The third class protein, including nNOS, has a preference for negatively charged amino acid residue at the same position
[16
,
57]
. Since PDZ domain-containing proteins mediate many biological processes, it is very important to understand the regulatory mechanism of their own. Interaction of PDZ domain-containing proteins with binding partners can be regulated by phosphorylation of the C-terminal PDZ-binding motif and influence the whole interaction between the molecules
[43
,
95]
. Besides the phosphorylation, intramolecular disulfide bond formation of PDZ domain- containing proteins can affect the interaction with binding partners as well
[61
,
70]
.
- ZO-1/-2/-3
ZO-1, ZO-2 and ZO-3 are tight junction-associated proteins that belong to the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family
[31]
. They interact with JAMs which are expressed on leukocytes and localize on epithelial or endothelial cells functioning in cell-to-cell interaction
[97]
. JAM has two major roles: the first one is mediating inflammatory reaction between the leukocyte and endothelium, the second one is regulating cell polarity
[92]
. ZO-1 contains three PDZ domains, one Src homology (SH3), and one guanylate kinase- like (GUK) domain and they make the connection with JAM-A PDZ domain-dependently in epithelial cells and directly associates with membrane and cytosolic proteins such as occludin, claudins, ZO-2 (
Fig. 1
,
Fig. 2
)
[97]
. Also, it binds to the F-actin through actin-binding region (ABR)
[23]
. ZO-1 helps JAMs to recruit other JAMs to build macro-molecule complexes
[81]
. In the study about expression of ZO-1 and other JAMs, ZO-1 is localized widely in human myelinating Schwann cells
[97]
. It is strongly expressed in paranodal areas, Schmidt-Lanterman inceisures and mesaxon (
Table 1
)
[2]
. There are no ZOs at the node of Ranvier, neither are any other JAMs
[80]
. ZO-1 and JAMs’ functions in human neuroglial cells are still not clear. ZO-2 does not only interact with C-terminal domains, but also contact with nuclear proteins and play a specific role in central dogma of proteins
[93]
. ZO-3 binds to PDZ7 of MUPP1 and PDZ6 of PATJ with its C-terminal amino acids (-A-T-D-L) connecting both of them (
Fig. 3
)
[1]
. But there are still some doubts about the existence and location of ZO-3 because it has no exact evidence. In addition, ZOs have a distinct C-terminal amino acids sequence which modulates these proteins act as scaffold proteins and associate with transmembrane tight junction strands. It means ZOs take a part in the signaling production between cytoskeleton and adaptor proteins and influence the gene expression
[22]
. In previous studies, it is revealed that ZOs are involved in intracellular signaling process as well as in gathering other proteins. ZO-1 is related with ZONAB/DbpA, which promotes proliferation of epithelial cells. When cells meet and develop intercellular junctions, ZO-1 is accumulated at junctions and recruits ZONAB/DbpA so that it is removed from the nucleus
[5]
. In contrast, ZO-2 actively shuttle between nucleus and tight junction. Nuclear localization and exporting signal are ZO-2’s functions
[32
,
42]
. Transcription factors AP-1 and C/EBP, the DNA-binding protein SAF-B, and the p120ctn family member ARVCF interact with ZO-2
[7
,
46]
. So that more close research is required to clarify ZO-1 functions, especially in human neuroglial cells and their distinct distribution. There is specific gene to express ZO-2/-3 proteins to function at the adherence junction. Interestingly, ZO-2 gene is very vital for mammalian survival so that ZO-2 knock-out mice cannot make a full development and die on the gastrulation step. In contrast, ZO-3 is dispensable
[100]
. This study also suggests that ZOs has variable roles in the transcription and some of them play an irreplaceable role in the living.
Localization of tight junction proteins in myelinated schwann cells in rodents
Localization of tight junction proteins in myelinated schwann cells in rodents
Major multi-protein complexes at tight junctions. PATJ’s N-terminal MAGUK recruitment domain interacts with Pals-1’s L27N domain. ZO-2 and ZO-3 associate with ZO-1. Three ZOs can also bind to cell’s membrane directly. PAR-3-aPKC-PAR-6 complex is involved in cell polarization. The activation of Cdc42 induces signal transduction through aPKC. PAR-3 binds to JAMs through first PDZ domain. This interaction anchors the complex at specific site.
- MUPP1
MUPP1 has 13 PDZ domains and a Lin2/lin7 (L27) domain in its amino (N)-terminal region without any catalytic domains (
Fig. 2
). MUPP1 exists mainly in tight junctions and cell membranes of various organs
[35]
. There are signs of MUPP1 in heart, brain, placenta, skeletal muscles, liver, kidney and pancreas
[94]
. PDZ domain binds to other molecules or proteins, so multiple PDZ domains of MUPP1 can interact with several partners. MUPP1 can serve as a scaffold protein to build larger protein complexes at the plasma membrane
[23]
. MUPP1 was originally identified as a protein that can bind to serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2 receptor (5HT-2A) in the brain
[94]
. Many other interacting proteins have been found through the studies, such as Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain-containing family A member 1 (PLEKHA1)
[50]
, SynGAP
[53]
, C-Kit
[64]
, transmembrane proteoglican NG2
[6]
, and claudin-5 in Schmitt-Lanterman incisure of myelinating Schwann cell (
Fig. 1
)
[77]
. Claudin-1 and JAM1, which form tight junction, interact with PDZ10 and PDZ3 of MUPP1 respectively
[1
,
35]
. Olfactory receptors in the olfactory nerve bind to PDZ1 and PDZ2 of MUPP1
[15]
. Many proteins and molecules that interact with MUPP1 have been discovered, but considering the number of PDZ domains, it is thought to have more binding partners. In mutation of MUPP1, it can cause severe congenital hydrocephalus, and can influence in alcohol withdrawal
[3
,
69]
. These cliniclal symptoms are all related to the nervous system, so it is thought that MUPP1 plays crucial role in the nervous system.
- PATJ
PATJ is a paralogue of MUPP1; it has 10 PDZ domains and an L27 domain (
Fig. 2
)
[83]
. Like MUPP1, it is localized at tight junctions of epithelial cells
[58
,
83]
. MUPP1 and PATJ have similar domain in common and both bind to claudin-1
[35
,
58
,
82]
. In recent study, over-expression of MUPP1 reduces endogenous PATJ from tight junctions, and over-expression of PATJ does the opposite, respectively. This result can speculate that PATJ and MUPP1 have some overlapping molecular mechanisms
[1]
. PATJ binds to tight junctions that directly interact with claudin-1, and interacts with occludin through ZO-3
[67
,
82]
. Change in the expression of PATJ disrupts the tight junction-specific localization of ZO-1, ZO-3, and occludin, signifying that PATJ plays a role in stabilization of tight junctions
[58
,
68]
. PATJ also affects Crumbs (CRB) complexes through Pals-1, which means that PATJ makes the link between the lateral and apical part of tight junction
[68
,
82]
.
- PAR-3
PAR-3-PAR-6-aPKC (atypical protein kinase C) complex is composed of 3 proteins and plays a key role in regulation of cellular polarity in cell junction (
Fig. 3
). This protein complex has been highly conserved throughout biologic evolution process
[52
,
76]
. PAR-3, an important part of this protein complex, is associated with JAM-A at tight junctions. This protein interacts not only with JAMs, but also with other proteins, such as LIM-kinase 2 (LIMK2), T lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1 (Tiam1)
[11
,
12]
. The correlation is related to the phosphorylation of PAR-3, which is regulated by aPKC
[73]
. PAR-3 maintains stable status when it binds with JAM-A directly, which implies that both proteins distribute to connection between cells
[4]
. The PAR-3-PAR-6-aPKC complex takes an important role for membrane polarity in tight junctions
[76]
. It means that if there are mutations in all of the three components, the structure of tight junction will be altered
[28
,
73
,
91
,
104]
. When PAR-3 was degraded at PAR-3-PAR-6-aPKC complex, there is retardation at early stage of apical membrane domain development and the structure of tight junction was changed. It suggests that PAR-3 mutation makes the apical membrane domain hard to localize at cell contact region
[39]
. Taken together with the fact that proteins such as JAM-A bind with PAR-3, it can be thought that not only PAR-3-PAR-6-aPKC complex but also partners of PAR-3 can take important parts in forming polarization. For example the signal transduction of this multi-protein complex is induced by E-cadherin mediated activation of Cdc42 or Rac1
[49
,
75]
which possibly activates aPKC through interaction between PAR-6 and Cdc42/Rac1
[104]
.
- MAGI2
Membrane associated guanylate kinase inverted 2 (MAGI2), also called synaptic scaffolding molecule (S-SCAM) is a scaffolding proteins at tight junctions. MAGI2 contain nine potential parts which play an important role in protein-to-protein interaction, including six PDZ domains, two WW domains and a guanylate kinase-like domain (
Fig. 2
)
[38
,
97]
. MAGI is inverted form of MAGUK family, which is widespread both synapses and epithelial cells, however, MAGI2 is specific in human neuronal system and interacts with AMPA receptors (AMPARs) at excitatory synapses
[13]
. It interacts with the C-terminus of AMPAR regulating proteins (TARPs) such as stargazin in brain and maintains the synaptic plasticity by trafficking of the ionotropic glutamate receptors and regulating the functions of AMPAR
[14]
. These molecules of great capacity interact with phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)
[99]
, dendrite arborization and synapse maturation 1 (Dasm1)
[87]
, hyperpolariztion-activated cation channels
[44]
, β-1 adrenergic receptors
[101]
and even NMDA receptors as well
[9]
. Since AMPARs mediate the fast signal transmission in human central nervous system, MAGI2 is concerned to be essential in memory and learning. Recently report, MAGI2 gene plays a vital role in survival of neonatal mice because it contribute to the completely development of podocyte morphology
[40]
. MAGI2 is significant to maintain the slit diaphragm of glomerular filtration barrier and its absence could cause a critical problem like anuria
[40]
. MAGI2 is contributed some severe diseases to attack human’s bodies. It is getting increased the risk of schizophrenia in the MAGI2 gene knock-out mice individuals because the cognitive functions and MAGI2 gene are conducted elaborately
[63]
. Another present study showed that mRNA of MAGI2 gene which is expressed by which binding with phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a tumor suppressor is statistically meaningful down-regulated in the prostate cancer cell line
[99]
. This means that it will be easy to detect prostate cancer earlier if we would develop some procedure related MAGI2 gene. In addition, this interaction also contributes to the lung adenocarcinoma depending on the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)
[51]
. The up-to-date study mentioned the MAGI2 targeting microRNA could inhibit the EMT action and drug resistance making PTEN portions unstable, so that it would apply to the new therapeutic methods of advanced lung cancer.
- AF-6
AF-6 is a multidomain protein that scaffold between cell membrane proteins and actin of cytoskeleton. AF-6 contains N-terminal region which has two Ras-binding domains, C-terminal region and a PDZ domain (
Fig. 2
)
[10]
. AF-6 is expressed in the brain. AF-6 plays essential role in plasticity of dendritic spine
[36]
and the maintenance of adherens junction in the midbrain
[102]
. AF-6 links JAM-A with PDZ-mediated interaction
[18]
. And, it is also associated with ZO-1
[8
,
59]
. The connection between AF-6 and ZO-1 is mediated by competitive binding reaction of Ras and Rap-1 (small GTPases) at the same binding site of AF-6
[103]
. According to previous studies, ZO-1 plays a role as a linker between AF-6 and JAM-A
[26]
, and their association is apparent at early stage of contact formation of cell rather than at advanced stage with clearly polarized cells of well developed tight junctions
[18]
. When microinjected into epithelial cells, JAM-A is detected where AF-6 is presented. This result suggests that there is no clear functional relationship between JAM-A and AF-6, but they may work together at cell contact sites
[18]
. On the other hand, JAM-A is not always found at where ZO-1 is abundant. Therefore, it can be thought that ZO-1 and AF-6 plays a different role for localization of JAM-A
[18]
. AF-6 is also associated with MUPP1. In neuronal tissue, especially in the brain, AF-6 and MUPP1 are detected together using immunofluorescence assay
[59]
. This result suggests that there is a relationship between AF-6, MUPP1, and gap junction protein Cx36. Cx36 forms electrical synapses which regulate inhibition and experience-dependent plasticity through γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release
[79].
- CASK
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (CASK) is a peripheral plasma membrane protein, also known as a homolog of LIN2. It is expressed by far the greatest in brain relative to kidney, lung and liver
[89]
; microscopically in nucleus, cytoplasm and cell membrane
[29]
. CASK is widely found in tight junctions and belongs to the MAGUK family like ZOs and Pals-1, which takes part in forming intercellular junctions
[54
,
85]
. Several domains are found in this protein; 1 guanylate kinase like domain, 2 L27 domains, 1 PDZ domain and 1 SH3 domain (
Fig. 2
). The multiple domains in CASK are able to interact with numerous proteins. For instance, Two L27 domains interact with DLG1 and LIN7 respectively
[85]
, and the protein kinase domain with FER-CIP4 homology (FCH) domain and double SH3 domains containing proteins 2 (FCHSD2). CASK plays an important role in neural development through interaction with transcription factor T-box brain 1 (TBR1)
[54]
, afterwards stabilizing the integrity of synapses of the brain
[29]
.
Summary and perspective
Several autotypic junction proteins contribute to autotypic tight junction formation. Autotypic junction proteins which contain PDZ domains play an important role in conducting intracellular signals. Intrinsic interactions between specific proteins are tightly regulated in human tissue, as seen in strong conservation throughout evolution. For instance, PAR3-aPKC-PAR6 complex which is essential for cell polarization has been found from
Drosophilia sp
. to vertebrates
[52
,
76]
. ZOs work with JAMs in intercelluar contact sites to recruit and form the basis of tight junction. ZO-1 promotes aggregation of JAMs to form large molecular complexes. AF-6 is one good partner for ZO-1, as the connection between AF-6 and JAM-A is facilitated by ZO-1
[26]
. ZO-3, on the other hand, binds to other PDZ domain-containing proteins such as MUPP1 and PATJ
[77]
. MUPP1 is able to interact with numerous proteins like ZOs on account of its multiple PDZ domains
[23]
. PATJ is detected in paranodal loops whereas MUPP1 is found in mesaxons and Schmidt- Lanterman incisures. ZO-1 is seen in paranodal areas, Schmidt-Lanterman incisures and mesaxons but not in node of Ranvier
[2]
. It is not so difficult to speculate that various types of proteins are fulfilling unique functions according to their distribution.
An interesting challenge has emerged to elucidate clear physiological functions of these versatile proteins at autotypic junctions. Thus, future studies of the molecular basis and distribution for autotypic junction proteins will extend our understanding of the intracellular signal transduction, cell polarization, and autotypic tight junctions in myelinating Schwann cells and the consequences of defects in those processes for neurodegenerative diseases and potentially other age related diseases.
Acknowledgements
The research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (NRF-2012R1A1A2020689).
Adachi M.
,
Hamazaki Y.
,
Kobayashi Y.
,
Itoh M.
,
Tsukita S.
,
Furuse M.
,
Tsukita S.
2009
Similar and distinct properties of MUPP1 and Patj, two homologous PDZ domain-containing tight-junction proteins
Mol. Cell Biol.
29
2372 -
2389
DOI : 10.1128/MCB.01505-08
Alanne M.
,
Pummi K.
,
Heape A. M.
,
Grènman R.
,
Peltonen J.
,
Peltonen S.
2009
Tight junction proteins in human Schwann cell autotypic junctions
J. Histochem. Cytochem.
57
523 -
529
DOI : 10.1369/jhc.2009.951681
Al-Dosari M. S.
,
Al-Owain M.
,
Tulbah M.
,
Kurdi W.
,
Adly N.
,
Al-Hemidan A.
,
Masoodi T. A.
,
Albash B.
,
Alkuraya, F S.
2013
Mutation in MPDZ causes severe congenital hydrocephalus
J. Med. Genet.
50
54 -
58
DOI : 10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-101294
Assemat E.
,
Bazellieres E.
,
Pallesi-Pocachard E.
,
Le Bivic A.
,
Massey-Harroche D.
2008
Polarity complex proteins
Biochim. Biophys. Acta.
1778
614 -
630
DOI : 10.1016/j.bbamem.2007.08.029
alda M. S.
,
Matter K.
2000
The tight junction protein ZO-1 and an interacting transcription factor regulate ErbB-2 expression
EMBO J.
19
2024 -
2033
DOI : 10.1093/emboj/19.9.2024
Betanzos A.
,
Huerta M.
,
Lopez-Bayghen E.
,
Azuara E.
,
Amerena J.
,
Gonzalez-Mariscal L.
2004
The tight junction protein ZO-2 associates with Jun, Fos and C/EBP transcription factors in epithelial cells
Exp. Cell Res.
292
51 -
66
DOI : 10.1016/j.yexcr.2003.08.007
Betanzos A.
,
Huerta M.
,
Lopez-Bayghen E.
,
Azuara E.
,
Amerena J.
,
Gonzalez-Mariscal L
2000
The junctional multidomain protein AF-6 is a binding partner of the Rap1A GTPase and associates with the actin cytoskeletal regulator profilin
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
97
9064 -
9069
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.97.16.9064
Chen B. S.
,
Braud S.
,
Badger 2nd J. D.
,
Isaac J. T.
,
Roche K. W.
2006
Regulation of NR1/NR2C N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) receptors by phosphorylation
J. Biol. Chem.
281
16583 -
16590
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M513029200
Chen Q.
,
Niu X.
,
Xu Y.
,
Wu J.
,
Shi Y.
2007
Solution structure and backbone dynamics of the AF-6 PDZ domain/Bcr peptide complex
Protein Sci.
16
1053 -
1062
DOI : 10.1110/ps.062440607
Chen X.
,
Macara I. G.
2006
Par-3 mediates the inhibition of LIM kinase 2 to regulate cofilin phosphorylation and tight junction assembly
J. Cell Biol.
172
671 -
678
DOI : 10.1083/jcb.200510061
Chen X.
,
Macara I. G.
2005
Par-3 controls tight junction assembly through the Rac exchange factor Tiam1
Nat. Cell Biol.
7
262 -
269
DOI : 10.1038/ncb1226
Danielson E.
,
Zhang N.
,
Metallo J.
,
Kaleka K.
,
Shin S. M.
,
Gerges N.
,
Lee S. H.
2012
S-SCAM/MAGI-2 is an essential synaptic scaffolding molecule for the GluA2-containing maintenance pool of AMPA receptors
J. Neurosci.
32
6967 -
6980
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0025-12.2012
Deng F.
,
Price M. G.
,
Davis C. F.
,
Mori M.
,
Burgess D. L.
2006
Stargazin and other transmembrane AMPA receptor regulating proteins interact with synaptic scaffolding protein MAGI-2 in brain
J. Neurosci.
26
7875 -
7884
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1851-06.2006
Dooley R.
,
Baumgart S.
,
Rasche S.
,
Hatt H.
,
Neuhaus E. M.
2009
Olfactory receptor signaling is regulated by the post-synaptic density 95, Drosophila discs large, zona-occludens 1 (PDZ) scaffold multi-PDZ domain protein 1
FEBS J.
276
7279 -
7290
DOI : 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07435.x
Doyle D. A.
,
Lee A.
,
Lewis J.
,
Kim E.
,
Sheng M.
,
MacKinnon R.
1996
Crystal structures of a complexed and peptide-free membrane protein-binding domain: molecular basis of peptide recognition by PDZ
Cell
85
1067 -
1076
DOI : 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81307-0
Ebnet K.
,
Aurrand Lions M.
,
Kuhn A.
,
Kiefer F.
,
Butz S.
,
Zander K.
,
Meyer zu Brickwedde M. K.
,
Suzuki A.
,
Imhof B.
,
Vestweber D.
2003
The junctional adhesion molecule (JAM) family members JAM-2 and JAM-3 associate with the cell polarity protein PAR-3: a possible role for JAMs in endothelial cell polarity
J. Cell Sci.
116
3879 -
3891
DOI : 10.1242/jcs.00704
Ebnet K.
,
Schulz C. U.
,
Meyer Zu Brickwedde M. K.
,
Pendl G. G.
,
Vestweber D.
2000
Junctional adhesion molecule interacts with the PDZ domain-containing proteins AF-6 and ZO-1
J. Biol. Chem.
275
27979 -
27988
Ernst A.
,
Appleton B. A.
,
Ivarsson Y.
,
Zhang Y.
,
Gfeller D.
,
Wiesmann C.
,
Sidhu S. S.
2014
A structural portrait of the PDZ domain family
J. Mol Biol.
426
3509 -
3519
DOI : 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.08.012
Facciuto F.
,
Cavatorta A.
,
Valdano M.
,
Marziali F.
,
Gardiol D.
2012
Differential expression of PDZ domain-containing proteins in human diseases - challenging topics and novel issues
FEBS J.
279
3538 -
3548
DOI : 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08699.x
Fanning A. S.
,
Jameson B. J.
,
Jesaitis L. A.
,
Anderson J. M.
1998
The tight junction protein ZO-1 establishes a link between the transmembrane protein occludin and the actin cytoskeleton
J. Biol. Chem.
273
29745 -
29753
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.273.45.29745
Fanning A. S.
,
Ma T. Y.
,
Anderson J. M.
2002
Isolation and functional characterization of the actin binding region in the tight junction protein ZO-1
FASEB J.
16
1835 -
1837
Fannon A. M.
,
Sherman D. L.
,
Gragerova G. I.
,
Brophy P. J.
,
Friedrich V. L.
,
Colman D. R.
1995
Novel E-cadherin-mediated adhesion in peripheral nerve: Schwann cell architecture is stabilized by autotypic adherens junctions
J. Cell Biol.
129
189 -
202
DOI : 10.1083/jcb.129.1.189
Farquhar M. G.
,
Palade G. E.
1963
Junctional complexes in various epithelia
J. Cell Biol.
17
375 -
412
DOI : 10.1083/jcb.17.2.375
Fukuhara A.
,
Irie K.
,
Nakanishi H.
,
Takekuni K.
,
Kawakatsu T.
,
Ikeda W.
,
Yamada A.
,
Katata T.
,
Honda T.
,
Sato T.
,
Shimizu K.
,
Ozaki H.
,
Horiuchi H.
,
Kita T.
,
Takai Y.
2002
Involvement of nectin in the localization of junctional adhesion molecule at tight junctions
Oncogene
21
7642 -
7655
DOI : 10.1038/sj.onc.1205875
Furuse M.
,
Hirase T.
,
Itoh M.
,
Nagafuchi A.
,
Yonemura S.
,
Tsukita S.
1993
Occludin: a novel integral membrane protein localizing at tight junctions
J. Cell Biol.
123
1777 -
1788
DOI : 10.1083/jcb.123.6.1777
Gardner K. L.
,
Sanford J. L.
,
Mays T. A.
,
Rafael-Fortney J. A.
2006
CASK localizes to nuclei in developing skeletal muscle and motor neuron culture models and is agrin-independent
J. Cell Physiol.
206
196 -
202
DOI : 10.1002/jcp.20449
Garrido U. S.
,
Bradfield P. F.
,
Imhof B. A.
2014
Tight junction dynamics: the role of junctional adhesion molecules(JAMs)
Cell Tissue Res.
355
701 -
715
DOI : 10.1007/s00441-014-1820-1
Gonzalez-Mariscal L.
,
Betanzos A.
,
Avila-Flores A.
2000
MAGUK proteins: structure and role in the tight junction
Semin Cell Dev. Biol.
11
315 -
324
DOI : 10.1006/scdb.2000.0178
Gonzalez-Mariscal L.
,
Ponce A.
,
Alarcon L.
,
Jaramillo B. E.
2006
The tight junction protein ZO-2 has several functional nuclear export signals
Exp. Cell. Res.
312
3323 -
3335
DOI : 10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.07.006
Guilbot A.
,
Williams A.
,
Ravisé N.
,
Verny C.
,
Brice A.
,
Sherman D. L.
,
Brophy P. J.
,
LeGuern E.
,
Delague V.
,
Bareil C.
,
Mégarbané A.
,
Claustres M.
2001
A mutation in periaxin is responsible for CMT4F, an autosomal recessive form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Hum. Mol. Genet.
10
415 -
421
DOI : 10.1093/hmg/10.4.415
Guillaume J. L.
,
Daulat A. M.
,
Maurice P.
,
Levoye A.
,
Migaud M.
,
Brydon L.
,
Malpaux B.
,
Borg-Capra C.
,
Jockers R.
2008
The PDZ protein mupp1 promotes Gi coupling and signaling of the Mt1 melatonin receptor
J. Biol. Chem.
283
16762 -
16771
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M802069200
Hamazaki Y.
,
Itoh M.
,
Sasaki H.
,
Furuse M.
,
Tsukita S.
2002
Multi-PDZ domain protein 1 (MUPP1) is concentrated at tight junctions through its possible interaction with claudin-1 and junctional adhesion molecule
J. Biol. Chem.
277
455 -
461
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M109005200
Haskin J.
,
Szargel R.
,
Shani V.
,
Mekies L. N.
,
Rott R.
,
Lim G. G.
,
Lim K. L.
,
Bandopadhyay R.
,
Wolosker H.
,
Engelender S.
2013
AF-6 is a positive modulator of the PINK1/parkin pathway and is deficient in Parkinson’s disease
Hum. Mol. Genet.
22
2083 -
2096
DOI : 10.1093/hmg/ddt058
Haskins J.
,
Gu L.
,
Wittchen E. S.
,
Hibbard J.
,
Stevenson B. R.
1998
ZO-3, a novel member of the MAGUK protein family found at the tight junction, interacts with ZO-1 and occludin
J. Cell Biol.
141
199 -
208
DOI : 10.1083/jcb.141.1.199
Hirao K.
,
Hata Y.
,
Ide N.
,
Takeuchi M.
,
Irie M.
,
Yao I.
,
Deguchi M.
,
Toyoda A.
,
Sudhof T. C.
,
Takai Y.
1998
A novel multiple PDZ domain-containing molecule interacting with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and neuronal cell adhesion proteins
J. Biol. Chem.
273
21105 -
21110
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.273.33.21105
Horikoshi Y.
,
Suzuki A.
,
Yamanaka T.
,
Sasaki K.
,
Mizuno K.
,
Sawada H.
,
Yonemura S.
,
Ohno S.
2009
Interaction between PAR-3 and the aPKC-PAR-6 complex is indispensable for apical domain development of epithelial cells
J. Cell Sci.
122
1595 -
1606
DOI : 10.1242/jcs.043174
Ihara K. I.
,
Asanuma K.
,
Fukuda T.
,
Ohwada S.
,
Yoshida M.
,
Nishimori K.
2014
MAGI-2 is critical for the formation and maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier in mouse kidney
Am. J. Pathol.
184
2699 -
2708
DOI : 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.06.019
Im Y. J.
,
Lee S.
,
Park S.
,
Rho G.
,
Kang E.
,
Kim E. J.
,
Eom S.
2003
Crystal structure of the Shank PDZ-ligand complex reveals a class I PDZ interaction and a novel PDZ-PDZ dimerization
J. Biol. Chem.
278
48099 -
480104
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M306919200
Jaramillo B. E.
,
Ponce, A, Moreno J.
,
Betanzos A.
,
Huerta M.
,
Lopez-Bayghen E.
,
Gonzalez-Mariscal L.
2004
Characterization of the tight junction protein ZO-2 localized at the nucleus of epithelial cells
Exp. Cell Res.
297
247 -
258
DOI : 10.1016/j.yexcr.2004.03.021
Jelen F.
,
Oleksy A.
,
Smietana K.
,
Otlewski J.
2003
PDZ domains-common players in the cell signaling
Acta Biochem. Pol.
50
985 -
1017
Jöns T.
,
Wittschieber D.
,
Beyer A.
,
Meier C.
,
Brune A.
,
Thomzig A.
,
Ahnert-Hilger G.
,
Veh R
2006
K+-ATP-channel-related protein complexes: potential transducers in the regulation of epithelial tight junction permeability
J. Cell Sci.
119
3087 -
3097
DOI : 10.1242/jcs.03041
Kamberov E.
,
Makarova O.
,
Roh M.
,
Liu A.
,
Karnak D.
,
Straight S.
,
Margolis B.
2000
Molecular cloning and characterization of Pals, proteins associated with mLin-7
J. Biol. Chem.
275
11425 -
11431
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.275.15.11425
Kausalya P. J.
,
Phua D. C.
,
Hunziker W.
2004
Association of ARVCF with zonula occludens (ZO)-1 and ZO-2: binding to PDZ-domain proteins and cell-cell adhesion regulate plasma membrane and nuclear localization of ARVCF
Mol. Biol. Cell
15
5503 -
5515
DOI : 10.1091/mbc.E04-04-0350
Kikuchi S.
,
Ninomiya T.
,
Tatsumi H.
,
Sawada N.
,
Kojima T.
2010
Tricellulin is expressed in autotypic tight junctions of peripheral myelinating Schwann cells
J. Histochem. Cytochem.
58
1067 -
1073
DOI : 10.1369/jhc.2010.956326
Kim E.
,
Sheng M.
2004
PDZ domain proteins of synapses
Nat. Rev. Neurosci.
5
771 -
781
DOI : 10.1038/nrn1517
Kim S. H.
,
Li Z.
,
Sacks D. B.
2000
E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell attachment activates Cdc42
J. Biol. Chem.
275
36999 -
37005
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M003430200
Kimber W. A.
,
Trinkle-Mulcahy L.
,
Cheung P. C.
,
Deak M.
,
Marsden L. J.
,
Kieloch A.
,
Watt S.
,
Javier R. T.
,
Gray A.
,
Downes C. P.
,
Lucocq J. M.
,
Alessi D. R.
2002
Evidence that the tandem-pleckstrin-homology-domain-containing protein TAPP1 interacts with Ptd(3,4)P2 and the multi-PDZ-domain-containing protein MUPP1 in vivo
Biochem. J.
361
525 -
536
DOI : 10.1042/0264-6021:3610525
Kitamura K.
,
Seike M.
,
Okano T.
,
Matsuda K.
,
Miyanaga A.
,
Mizutani H.
,
Noro R.
,
Minegishi Y.
,
Kubota K.
,
Gemma A.
2014
MiR-134/487b/655 cluster regulates TGF-beta-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and drug resistance to gefitinib by targeting MAGI2 in lung adenocarcinoma cells
Mol. Cancer Ther.
13
444 -
453
DOI : 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-13-0448
Knust E.
,
Bossinger O.
2002
Composition and formation of intercellular junctions in epithelial cells
Science
298
1955 -
1959
DOI : 10.1126/science.1072161
Krapivinsky G.
,
Medina I.
,
Krapivinsky L.
,
Gapon S.
,
Clapham D. E.
2004
SynGAP-MUPP1-CaMKII synaptic complexes regulate p38 MAP kinase activity and NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic AMPA receptor potentiation
Neuron
43
563 -
574
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuron.2004.08.003
LaConte L.
,
Mukherjee K.
2013
Structural constraints and functional divergences in CASK evolution
Biochem. Soc. Trans.
41
1017 -
1022
DOI : 10.1042/BST20130061
Lee H. J.
,
Wang N. X
,
Shao Y.
,
Zheng J. J.
2009
Identification of tripeptides recognized by the PDZ domain of Disheveled
Bioorg. Med. Chem.
17
1701 -
1708
DOI : 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.12.060
Lee H. J.
,
Wang N. X.
,
Shi D. L.
,
Zheng J. J.
2009
Sulindac inhibits canonical Wnt signaling by blocking the PDZ domain of the protein Dishevelled
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.
48
6448 -
6452
DOI : 10.1002/anie.200902981
Lee H. J.
,
Zheng J. J.
2010
PDZ domains and their binding partners: structure, specificity, and modification
Cell Commun Signal
8
8:8 -
DOI : 10.1186/1478-811X-8-8
Lemmers C.
,
Medina E.
,
Delgrossi M. H.
,
Michel D.
,
Arsanto J. P.
,
Le Bivic A.
2002
hINADl/PATJ, a homolog of discs lost, interacts with crumbs and localizes to tight junctions in human epithelial cells
J. Biol. Chem.
277
25408 -
25415
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M202196200
Li X.
,
Lynn D. B.
,
Nagy J. I.
2012
The effector and scaffolding proteins AF6 and MUPP1 interact with connexin36 and localize at gap junctions that form electrical synapses in rodent brain
Eur. J. Neurosci.
35
166 -
181
DOI : 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07947.x
Lin D.
,
Edwards A. S.
,
Fawcett J. P.
,
Mbamalu G.
,
Scott J. D.
,
Pawson T.
2000
A mammalian PAR-3-PAR-6 complex implicated in Cdc42/Rac1 and aPKC signalling and cell polarity
Nat. Cell Biol.
2
540 -
547
DOI : 10.1038/35019582
Liu W.
,
Wen W.
,
Wei Z.
,
Yu J.
,
Ye F.
,
Liu C. H.
,
Hardie R. C.
,
Zhang M.
2011
The INAD scaffold is a dynamic, redox-regulated modulator of signaling in the Drosophila eye
Cell
145
1088 -
1101
DOI : 10.1016/j.cell.2011.05.015
Long J.
,
Wei Z.
,
Feng W.
,
Yu C.
,
Zhao Y.
,
Zhang M.
2008
Supramodular nature of GRIP1 revealed by the structure of its PDZ12 tandem in complex with the carboxyl tail of Fras1
J. Mol. Biol.
375
1457 -
1468
DOI : 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.11.088
Mahdian R.
,
Nodouzi V.
,
Asgari M.
,
Rezaie M.
,
Alizadeh J.
,
Yousefi B.
,
Shahrokh H.
,
Abolhasani M.
,
Nowroozi M.
2014
Expression profile of MAGI2 gene as a novel biomarker in combination with major deregulated genes in prostate cancer
Mol. Biol. Rep.
41
6125 -
6131
DOI : 10.1007/s11033-014-3491-0
Mancini A.
,
Koch A.
,
Stefan, M. Niemann H.
,
Tamura T.
2000
The direct association of the multiple PDZ domain containing proteins (MUPP-1) with the human c-Kit C-terminus is regulated by tyrosine kinase activity
FEBS Lett.
482
54 -
58
DOI : 10.1016/S0014-5793(00)02036-6
Marchesi C.
,
Milani M.
,
Morbin M.
,
Cesani M.
,
Lauria G.
,
Scaioli V.
,
Piccolo G.
,
Fabrizi G. M.
,
Cavallaro T.
,
Taroni F.
,
Pareyson D.
2010
Four novel cases of periaxin-related neuropathy and review of the literature
Neurology
75
1830 -
1838
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181fd6314
Martìn Padura I.
,
Lostaglio S.
,
Schneemann M.
,
Williams L.
,
Romano M.
,
Fruscella P.
,
Panzeri C.
,
Stoppacciaro A.
,
Ruco L.
,
Villa A.
,
Simmons D.
,
Dejana E.
1998
Junctional adhesion molecule, a novel member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that distributes at intercellular junctions and modulates monocyte transmigration
J. Cell Biol.
142
117 -
127
DOI : 10.1083/jcb.142.1.117
Matter K.
,
Balda M. S.
1999
Occludin and the functions of tight junctions
Int. Rev. Cytol.
186
117 -
146
Michel D.
,
Arsanto J. P.
,
Massey-Harroche D.
,
Beclin C.
,
Wijnholds J.
,
Le Bivic A.
2005
PATJ connects and stabilizes apical and lateral components of tight junctions in human intestinal cells
J. Cell Sci.
118
4049 -
4057
DOI : 10.1242/jcs.02528
Milner L. C.
,
Shirley R. L.
,
Kozell L. B.
,
Walter N. A.
,
Kruse L. C.
,
Komiyama N. H.
,
Grant S. G.
,
Buck K.J.
2015
Novel MPDZ/MUPP1 transgenic and knockdown models confirm Mpdz’s role in ethanol withdrawal and support its role in voluntary ethanol consumption
Addict. Biol.
20
(1)
143 -
147
DOI : 10.1111/adb.12087
Mishra P.
,
Socolich M.
,
Wall M. A.
,
Graves J.
,
Wang Z.
,
Ranganathan R.
2007
Dynamic scaffolding in a G protein-coupled signaling system
Cell
131
80 -
92
DOI : 10.1016/j.cell.2007.07.037
Morais Cabral J. H.
,
Petosa C.
,
Sutcliffe M. J.
,
Raza S.
,
Byron O.
,
Poy F.
,
Marfatia S. M.
,
Chishti A. H.
,
Liddington R. C.
1996
Crystal structure of a PDZ domain
Nature
382
649 -
652
DOI : 10.1038/382649a0
Nagai-Tamai Y.
,
Mizuno K.
,
Hirose T.
,
Suzuki A.
,
Ohno S.
2002
Regulated protein-protein interaction between aPKC and PAR-3 plays an essential role in the polarization of epithelial cells
Genes Cells
7
1161 -
1171
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2443.2002.00590.x
Nagaoka T.
,
Oyamada M.
,
Okajima S.
,
Takamatsu T.
1999
Differential expression of gap junction proteins connexin 26,32, and 43 in normal and crush-injured rat sciatic nerves. Close relationship between connexin43 and occludin in the perineurium
J. Histochem. Cytochem.
47
937 -
948
DOI : 10.1177/002215549904700711
Nakagawa M.
,
Fukata M.
,
Yamaga M.
,
Itoh N.
,
Kaibuchi K.
2001
Recruitment and activation of Rac1 by the formation of E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion sites
J. Cell Sci.
114
1829 -
1838
Ohno S.
2001
Intercellular junctions and cellular polarity: the PAR-aPKC complex, a conserved core cassette playing fundamental roles in cell polarity
Curr. Opin. Cell Biol.
13
641 -
648
DOI : 10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00264-7
Poliak S.
,
Matlis S.
,
Ullmer C.
,
Scherer S.
,
Peles E.
2002
Distinct claudins and associated PDZ proteins form different autotypic tight junctions in myelinating Schwann cells
J. Cell Biol.
159
361 -
372
DOI : 10.1083/jcb.200207050
Ponting C. P.
1997
Evidence for PDZ domains in bacteria, yeast, and plants
Protein Sci.
6
464 -
468
Postma F.
,
Liu C. H.
,
Dietsche C.
,
Khan M.
,
Lee H. K.
,
Paul D.
,
Kanold P. O.
2011
Electrical synapses formed by connexin36 regulate inhibition- and experience-dependent plasticity
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
108
13770 -
13775
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.1100166108
Pummi K. P.
,
Heape A. M.
,
Grenman R. A.
,
Peltonen J.T.
,
Peltonen S. A.
2004
Tight junction proteins ZO-1, occludin, and claudins in developing and adult human perineurium
J. Histochem. Cytochem.
52
1037 -
1046
DOI : 10.1369/jhc.3A6217.2004
Rodgers L.
,
Beam M. T.
,
Anderson J.
,
Fanning A.
2013
Epithelial barrier assembly requires coordinated activity of multiple domains of the tight junction protein ZO-1
J. Cell Sci.
126
1565 -
1575
DOI : 10.1242/jcs.113399
Roh M. H.
,
Liu C. J.
,
Laurinec S.
,
Margolis B.
2002
The carboxyl terminus of zona occludens-3 binds and recruits a mammalian homologue of discs lost to tight junctions
J. Biol. Chem.
277
27501 -
27509
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M201177200
Roh M. H.
,
Makarova O.
,
Liu C. J.
,
Shin K.
,
Lee S.
,
Laurinec S.
,
Goyal M.
,
Wiggins R.
,
Margolis B.
2002
Maguk protein, Pals1, functions as an adapter, linking mammalian homologues of Crumbs and Discs Lost
J. Cell Biol.
157
161 -
172
DOI : 10.1083/jcb.200109010
Rosenthal R.
,
Milatz S.
,
Krug S.
,
Oelrich B.
,
Schulzke J.
,
Amasheh S.
,
Günzel D.
,
Fromm M.
2010
Claudin-2, a component of the tight junction, forms a paracellular water channel
J. Cell Sci
123
1913 -
21
DOI : 10.1242/jcs.060665
Sanford J. L.
,
Mays T. A.
,
Rafael-Fortney J. A.
2004
CASK and Dlg form a PDZ protein complex at the mammalian neuromuscular junction
Muscle Nerve.
30
164 -
171
DOI : 10.1002/mus.20073
Shi S. H.
,
Cheng T.
,
Jan L. Y.
,
Jan Y. N.
2004
The immunoglobulin family member dendrite arborization and synapse maturation 1 (Dasm1) controls excitatory synapse maturation
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
101
13346 -
13351
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0405371101
Spaller M. R.
2006
Act globally, think locally: systems biology addresses the PDZ domain
ACS Chem. Biol.
1
207 -
210
DOI : 10.1021/cb600191y
Stevenson D.
,
Laverty H. G.
,
Wenwieser S.
,
Douglas M.
,
Wilson J. B.
2000
Mapping and expression analysis of the human CASK gene
Mamm. Genome
11
934 -
937
DOI : 10.1007/s003350010170
Suzuki T.
,
Yoshinaga N.
,
Tanabe S.
2011
Interleukin-6(IL-6) regulates claudin-2 expression and tight junction permeability in intestinal epithelium
J. Biol. Chem.
286
31263 -
31271
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M111.238147
Suzuki A.
,
Yamanaka T.
,
Hirose T.
,
Manabe N.
,
Mizuno K.
,
Shimizu M.
,
Akimoto K.
,
Izumi Y.
,
Ohnishi T.
,
Ohno S
2001
Atypical protein kinase C is involved in the evolutionarily conserved par protein complex and plays a critical role in establishing epithelia-specific junctional structures
J. Cell Biol.
152
1183 -
1196
DOI : 10.1083/jcb.152.6.1183
Tokuda S.
,
Higashi T.
,
Furuse M.
2014
ZO-1 knockout by TALEN-mediated gene targeting in MDCK cells: involvement of ZO-1 in the regulation of cytoskeleton and cell shape
PLoS One
9
e104994 -
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0104994
Traweger A.
,
Toepfer S.
,
Wagner R. N.
,
Zweimueller-Mayer J.
,
Gehwolf R.
,
Lehner C.
,
Tempfer H.
,
Krizbai I.
,
Wilhelm I.
,
Bauer H. C.
,
Bauer H.
2013
Beyond cell-cell adhesion: Emerging roles of the tight junction scaffold ZO-2
Tissue Barriers
1
e25039 -
DOI : 10.4161/tisb.25039
Ullmer C.
,
Schmuck K.
,
Figge A.
,
Lubbert H.
1998
Cloning and characterization of MUPP1, a novel PDZ domain protein
FEBS Lett.
424
63 -
68
DOI : 10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00141-0
van den Berk L. C.
,
Landi E.
,
Harmsen E.
,
Dente L.
,
Hendriks W. J.
2005
Redox-regulated affinity of the third PDZ domain in the phosphotyrosine phosphatase PTP-BL for cysteine-containing target peptides
FEBS J.
272
3306 -
3316
DOI : 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04743.x
Van Itallie C.
,
Fanning A.
,
Holmes J.
,
Anderson J.
2010
Occludin is required for cytokine-induced regulation of tight junction barriers
J. Cell Sci.
123
2844 -
2852
DOI : 10.1242/jcs.065581
Van Itallie C. M.
,
Anderson J. M.
2014
Architecture of tight junctions and principles of molecular composition
Semin Cell Dev. Biol.
36
157 -
165
DOI : 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.08.011
Wu X.
,
Hepner K.
,
Castelino-Prabhu S.
,
Do D.
,
Kaye M.B.
,
Yuan X. J.
,
Wood J.
,
Ross C.
,
Sawyers C. L.
,
Whang Y. E.
2000
Evidence for regulation of the PTEN tumor suppressor by a membrane-localized multi-PDZ domain containing scaffold protein MAGI-2
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
97
4233 -
4238
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.97.8.4233
Xu J.
,
Kausalya P. J.
,
Phua D. C.
,
Ali S. M.
,
Hossain Z.
,
Hunziker W.
2008
Early embryonic lethality of mice lacking ZO-2, but Not ZO-3, reveals critical and nonredundant roles for individual zonula occludens proteins in mammalian development
Mol. Cell Biol.
28
1669 -
1678
DOI : 10.1128/MCB.00891-07
Xu J.
,
Paquet M.
,
Lau A. G.
,
Wood J. D.
,
Ross C. A.
,
Hall R. A.
2001
beta 1-adrenergic receptor association with the synaptic scaffolding protein membrane-associated guanylate kinase inverted-2 (MAGI-2). Differential regulation of receptor internalization by MAGI-2 and PSD-95
J. Biol. Chem.
276
41310 -
41317
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M107480200
Yamamoto H.
,
Maruo T.
,
Majima T.
,
Ishizaki H.
,
Tanaka-Okamoto M.
,
Miyoshi J.
,
Mandai K.
,
Takai Y.
2013
Genetic deletion of afadin causes hydrocephalus by destruction of adherens junctions in radial glial and ependymal cells in the midbrain
PLoS One
8
e80356 -
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0080356
Yamamoto T.
,
Harada N.
,
Kano K.
,
Taya S.
,
Canaani E.
,
Matsuura Y.
,
Mizoguchi A.
,
Ide C.
,
Kaibuchi K.
1997
The Ras target AF-6 interacts with ZO-1 and serves as a peripheral component of tight junctions in epithelial cells
J. Cell Biol.
139
785 -
795
DOI : 10.1083/jcb.139.3.785
Yamanaka T.
,
Horikoshi Y.
,
Suzuki A.
,
Sugiyama Y.
,
Kitamura K.
,
Maniwa R.
,
Nagai Y.
,
Yamashita A.
,
Hirose T.
,
Ishikawa H.
,
Ohno S.
2001
PAR-6 regulates aPKC activity in a novel way and mediates cell-cell contact-induced formation of the epithelial junctional complex
Genes Cells
6
721 -
731
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2443.2001.00453.x
Young P.
,
Boussadia O.
,
Berger P.
,
Leone D.
,
Charnay P.
,
Kemler R.
,
Suter U.
2002
E-cadherin is required for the correct formation of autotypic adherens junctions of the outer mesaxon but not for the integrity of myelinated fibers of peripheral nerves
Mol. Cell Neurosci.
21
341 -
351
DOI : 10.1006/mcne.2002.1177