Advanced
ON MATRIX POLYNOMIALS ASSOCIATED WITH HUMBERT POLYNOMIALS
ON MATRIX POLYNOMIALS ASSOCIATED WITH HUMBERT POLYNOMIALS
The Pure and Applied Mathematics. 2014. Aug, 21(3): 207-218
Copyright © 2014, Korean Society of Mathematical Education
  • Received : May 21, 2014
  • Accepted : July 29, 2014
  • Published : August 31, 2014
Download
PDF
e-PUB
PubReader
PPT
Export by style
Article
Author
Metrics
Cited by
TagCloud
About the Authors
M.A., PATHAN
aCENTRE FOR MATHEMATICAL AND STATISTICAL SCIENCES(CMSS), KFRI, PEECHI P.O., THRISSUR, KERALA-680653, INDIAEmail address:mapathan@gmail.com
MAGED G., BIN-SAAD
bDEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, ADEN UNIVERSITY, KOHRMAKSSAR P.O.BOX 6014, YEMENEmail address:mgbinsaad@yahoo.com
FADHL, AL-SARAHI
cDEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, ADEN UNIVERSITY, KOHRMAKSSAR P.O.BOX 6014, YEMENEmail address:fadhl-Alsarhi@hotmail.com

Abstract
The principal object of this paper is to study a class of matrix polynomials associated with Humbert polynomials. These polynomials generalize the well known class of Gegenbauer, Legendre, Pincherl, Horadam, Horadam-Pethe and Kinney polynomials. We shall give some basic relations involving the Humbert matrix polynomials and then take up several generating functions, hypergeometric representations and expansions in series of matrix polynomials.
Keywords
1. Introduction and Notations
Gould [6] (see also [11] ) presented a systematic study of an interesting generalization of Humbert, Gegenbauer and several other polynomial systems defined by
PPT Slide
Lager Image
where m is a positive integer, | t | < 1 and other parameters are unrestricted in general. For the table of main special cases of (1.1), including Gegenbauer, Legendre, Tchebycheff, Pincherle, Kinney and Humbert polynomials, see Gould [6] . In [10] Milovanovic and Dordevic considered the polynomials
PPT Slide
Lager Image
defined by the generating function
PPT Slide
Lager Image
where m ∈ ℕ := {1, 2, 3,...}, | t | < 1 and λ >
PPT Slide
Lager Image
The explicit form of the polynomial
PPT Slide
Lager Image
( x ) is
PPT Slide
Lager Image
where the Pochhammer symbol is defined by (λ) n =
PPT Slide
Lager Image
= λ(λ + 1)...(λ + n −1), (∀ n ≥ 1) and (λ) 0 = 1.Г(.) : is the familiar Gamma function.
Note that
PPT Slide
Lager Image
where
PPT Slide
Lager Image
( x ) are Gegenbauer polynomials [12] . The set of polynomials denoted by
PPT Slide
Lager Image
(x) considered by Sinha [17]
PPT Slide
Lager Image
is precisely a generalization of
PPT Slide
Lager Image
( x ) defined and studied by Shreshtha [16] . In [14] the authors investigated Gegenbauer matrix polynomials defined by
PPT Slide
Lager Image
where A is a positive stable matrix in the complex space ℂ N×N , ℂ bing the set of complex numbers, of all square matrices of common order N . The explicit representation of the Gegenbauer matrix polynomials
PPT Slide
Lager Image
( x ) has been given in [14 , p. 104 (15)] in the form
PPT Slide
Lager Image
In the last decade the study of matrix polynomials has been made more systematic with the consequence that many basic results of scalar orthogonality have been extended to the matrix case (see, for example [1] - [5] and [13] ). We say that a matrix A in ℂ N×N is a positive stable if Re(λ) > 0 for all λ ∈ 𝜎( A ) where 𝜎( A ) is the set of all eigenvalues of A. If A 0 , A 1 , ... , A n ... , are elements of ℂ N×N and A n ≠ 0, then we call
  • P(x) =Anxn+An−1xn−1+An−2xn−2+...+A1x+A0,
a matrix polynomial of degree n in x . If A + n I is invertible for every integer n ≥ 0 then
PPT Slide
Lager Image
Thus we have
PPT Slide
Lager Image
The hypergeometric matrix function
PPT Slide
Lager Image
where A , B and C are matrices in ℂ N×N such that C + nI is invertible for integer n ≥ 0 and | z | < 1. The generalized hypergeometric matrix function (see (1.9)) is given in the form:
PPT Slide
Lager Image
For the purpose of this work we recall the following relations [12] :
PPT Slide
Lager Image
and
PPT Slide
Lager Image
Also, we recall that if A ( k , n ) and B ( k , n ) are matrices in ℂ N×N for n ≥ 0 and k ≥ 0 then it follows that [18] :
PPT Slide
Lager Image
PPT Slide
Lager Image
For m a positive integer, we can write
PPT Slide
Lager Image
PPT Slide
Lager Image
The primary goal of this work is to introduce and study a new class of matrix polynomials, namely the Humbert Matrix polynomials
PPT Slide
Lager Image
( x , y ; a , b , c ), which is general enough to account for many of polynomials involved in generalized potential problems (see [9] - [11] ). This is interesting since, as will be shown, the matrix polynomials
PPT Slide
Lager Image
( x , y ; a , b , c ) is an extension to the matrix framework of the classical families of the polynomials mentioned above.
2. Humbert Matrix Polynomials
Let A be a positive stable matrix in ℂ N×N . We define the Humbert matrix polynomials by means of the generating relation
PPT Slide
Lager Image
where m is a positive integer and other parameters are unrestricted in general. Based on (1.11) and (1.12), formula (2.1) can be written in the form
PPT Slide
Lager Image
which, in view of (1.15), gives us
PPT Slide
Lager Image
By equating the coefficients of t n in (2.2), we obtain an explicit representation for the polynomials
PPT Slide
Lager Image
( x , y ; a , b , c ) in the form
PPT Slide
Lager Image
Again, starting from (2.1), it is easily seen that
PPT Slide
Lager Image
which, with the help of the results (1.11) and (1.12), gives
PPT Slide
Lager Image
By equating the coefficients of t n in (2.4), we obtain another explicit representation for the polynomials
PPT Slide
Lager Image
( x , y ; a , b , c ) as follows:
PPT Slide
Lager Image
According to the relation
PPT Slide
Lager Image
Equation (2.5) can be written in the form
PPT Slide
Lager Image
where A +
PPT Slide
Lager Image
+ ( n k ( m − 2) s ) I and 2 A + ( n − ( m − 2) s ) I are invertible.
Now, we mention some interesting special cases of our results of this section. First, if in (2.3) and (2.5) we let y = 0, a = m and c = 1 = − b , we get
PPT Slide
Lager Image
and
PPT Slide
Lager Image
respectively, where
PPT Slide
Lager Image
is the matrix version of Humbert polynomials
PPT Slide
Lager Image
( see [11] ).
Next, for m = 3, Equations (2.8) and (2.9) further reduce to following explicit representations:
PPT Slide
Lager Image
and
PPT Slide
Lager Image
respectively, where
PPT Slide
Lager Image
( x ) is the matrix version of Pincherle polynomials P n ( x ) [11] . Moreover, in view of the relationship ( see Equations (1.5) and (2.1) )
PPT Slide
Lager Image
equation (2.3) reduces to finite series representation for the matrix Gegenbauer polynomials
PPT Slide
Lager Image
( x ) as follows:
PPT Slide
Lager Image
Note that equation (2.12) is a known result (see [14, p. 109 (40)] ).
3. Hypergeometric Matrix Representations
Starting from (2.3) and using the results
PPT Slide
Lager Image
and
PPT Slide
Lager Image
where
  • 0≤ (m− 1)k≤n,
we get
PPT Slide
Lager Image
which, in view of (1.16), gives us the following hypergeometric matrix representation:
PPT Slide
Lager Image
where A + nI and
PPT Slide
Lager Image
are invertible. According to the relationship (2.12), Equation (3.4), yields the following known representation for the Gegenbauer matrix polynomials
PPT Slide
Lager Image
(see [14, p. 109 (39)] ):
PPT Slide
Lager Image
Next, if in (3.4) we put a = m , c = 1 = − b and y = 0, we get the following representation for the matrix Humbert polynomials
PPT Slide
Lager Image
( x ):
PPT Slide
Lager Image
4. More Generating Functions
By proceeding in a fashion similar to that in Section 2, in this section we aim at establishing the following additional generating functions for the Humbert matrix polynomilas
PPT Slide
Lager Image
( x , y ; a , b , c ) :
PPT Slide
Lager Image
PPT Slide
Lager Image
PPT Slide
Lager Image
PPT Slide
Lager Image
where A + nI , B + nI , 2 A + ( n + 2 k ) I + (( m − 2) s ) I , B + ( n + 2 k ) I ,
PPT Slide
Lager Image
and
PPT Slide
Lager Image
are invertible matrices.
Derivation of the results (4.1) to (4.4) . Starting from (2.3) and using the results (1.14) and (3.1), we get
PPT Slide
Lager Image
which, on using the definition of the generalized matrix hypergeometric series (1.10), gives us the generating function (4.1). This completes the proof of (4.1).
If B is a positve stable matrix in the complex space ℂ N×N of all square matrices of common order N , then following the method of derivation of equation (4.1) , we can easily establish relation (4.2).
Again, starting from (2.5), and employing the results (2.6) and (1.16), we can derive the result (4.3). The proof of Equation (4.4) is similar to that of (4.3). Therefore, we skip the details.
It is easy to observe that the main results (4.1) to (4.4) give a number of generating functions of matrix version polynomials, for example, the matrix polynomials
PPT Slide
Lager Image
( x ) (see (1.2)), the matrix versions of Pincherle, Humbert, Sinha, Sheshtha, Kinney, Horadam and Horadam-Pethe polynomials (see [13] ).
5. Expansions
Expansion for the matrix polynomials
PPT Slide
Lager Image
( x , y ; a , b , c ) in series of Legendre, Hermite, Gegenbauer and Laguerre polynomials relevant to our present investigation are given as follows:
PPT Slide
Lager Image
PPT Slide
Lager Image
PPT Slide
Lager Image
PPT Slide
Lager Image
where 2 A + ( n + s ) I and A + ( n + s k ) I +
PPT Slide
Lager Image
are invertible matrices.
Derivation of the results (5.1) to (5.4). On inserting the result ( see [12, p. 181 (4)] )
PPT Slide
Lager Image
in relation (2.7) , we get
PPT Slide
Lager Image
which on using the result (1.16),and simplifying gives us (5.1). Similarly, the results (5.2), (5.3) and (5.4) are obtained by using the known results [12, p. 283 (36), p. 194 (4), p. 207 (2)]
PPT Slide
Lager Image
PPT Slide
Lager Image
and
PPT Slide
Lager Image
respectively, instead of (5.5).
Acknowledgements
The authors’ would like to express their thanks to the reviewers for helpful suggestions and comments towards the improvement of this paper.The first author M.A. Pathan would like to thank the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, for the financial assistance for this work under project number SR/S4/MS:794/12.
References
Aktas R 2014 A Note on multivariable Humbert matrix Polynomials Gazi University journal of science 27 (2) 747 - 754
Aktas R 2013 A New multivariable extension of Humbert matrix Polynomials AIP Conference Proceedings 1558 1128 - 1131
Aktas R , Cekim B , Sahin R 2012 The matrix version of the multivariable Humbert matrix Polynomials Miskolc Mathematical Notes 13 (2) 197 - 208
Batahan R.S 2006 A New extension of Hermite matrix Polynomials and its applications LinearAlgebra Appl. 419 82 - 92
Dattoli G , Ermand B , Riccl P.E 2004 Matrix Evolution equation and special functions computer and mathematics with Appl. 48 1611 - 1617    DOI : 10.1016/j.camwa.2004.03.007
Gould H.W 1965 Inverse series relation and other expansions involving Humbert polynomials Duke Math. J. 32 697 - 711    DOI : 10.1215/S0012-7094-65-03275-8
Horadam A 1985 Polynomials associated with Gegenbauer Polynomials Fibonacci Quart. 23 295 - 399
Horadan A , Pethe S 1981 Gegenbauer polynomials revisited Fibonacci Quart. 19 393 - 398
Jodar L , Defez E 1998 On Some properties of Humbert’s polynomials II Facta Universityis (Nis) ser. Math. 6 13 - 17
Milovanovic G.V , Dordevic G.B 1991 A connection between laguerre”s and Hermite’s matrix polynomials Appl. Math. Lett. 11 23 - 30
Pathan M.A , Khan M.A 1997 on Polynomials associated with Humbents polynomials. publications DEL, Intitut Mathematique, Noavelle seris 62 53 - 62
Rainville E.D 1960 Special function. publications DEL, Intitut Mathematique, Noavelle seris Macmillan New York
Sastre J , Defez E , Jodar L 2006 Laguerre matrix polynomials series expansion: theory and computer applications, Mathematical and computer Modelling 44 1025 - 1043
Sayyed K.A , Metwally M.S , Batahn R.S 2004 Gegenbauer matrix polynomials and second order Matrix Differential Equations Div., Math. 12 101 - 115
Sayyed K.A , Metwally M.S , Batahn R.S 2003 On generalized Hermite matrix polynomials Electronic Journal of linear Algebra 10 272 - 279
Shrestha N.B 1977 Polynomial associated with Legendre polynomials Nepali , Yath. Sci. Rep. Triv. 2 (1) 1 - 7
Sinha S.K 1989 On a polynomial associated with Gegenbauer polynomial Proc. Not. Acad. Sci. India 54 439 - 455
Srivastava H.M , Manocha H.L 1984 A treatise on Generating functions Halsted press, John Wiley and Sons New York