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With reasonable control selections on the space of functions, various application models can take the shape of a well-defined control system on mathematics. In the credibility space, controlability management of fuzzy differential equation is as much important issue as stability. This paper addresses exact controllability for fuzzy differential equations in the credibility space in the perspective of Liu process. This is an extension of the controllability results of Park et al. (Controllability for the semilinear fuzzy integro-differential equations with nonlocal conditions) to fuzzy differential equations driven by Liu process.
The concept of fuzzy set was initiated by Zadeh via membership function in 1965. Fuzzy differential equations are a field of increasing interest, due to their applicability to the analysis of phenomena where imprecision in inherent. Kwun et al. [1-4] and Lee et al. [5] have studied the existence and uniqueness for solutions of fuzzy equations.The theory of controlled processes is one of the most recent mathematical concepts to enable very important applications in modern engineering. However, actual systems subject to control do not admit a strictly deterministic analysis in view of various random factors that influence their behavior. The theory of controlled processes takes the random nature of a systems behavior into account. Many researchers have studied controlled processes. With regard to fuzzy systems, Kwun and Park [6] proved controllability for the impulsive semilinear fuzzy differential equation in n-dimension fuzzy vector space. Park et al. [7] studied the controllability of semilinear fuzzy integrodifferential equations with nonlocal conditions. Park et al. [8] demonstrated the controllability of impulsive semilinear fuzzy integrodifferential equations, while Phu and Dung [9] studied the stability and controllability of fuzzy control set differential equations. Lee et al. [10] examined the controllability of a nonlinear fuzzy control system with nonlocal initial conditions in n-dimensional fuzzy vector space EnN .In terms of the controllability of stochastic systems, P. Balasubramaniam[11] studied quasilinear stochastic evolution equations in Hilbert spaces, and the controllability of stochastic control systems with time-variant coefficients was proved by Yuhu [12]. Arapostathis et al. [13] studied the controllability properties of stochastic differential systems that are characterized by a linear controlled diffusion perturbed by a smooth, bounded, uniformly Lipschitz nonlinearity.Stochastic differential equations driven by Brownian motion have been studied for a long time, and are a mature branch of modern mathematics. A new kind of fuzzy differential equation driven by a Liu process was defined as follows by Liu [14]dXt = f(Xt, t)dt + g(Xt, t)dCt where Ct is a standard Liu process, and f, g are some given functions. The solution of such equation is a fuzzy process. You [15] discussed the solutions of some special fuzzy differential equations, and derived an existence and uniqueness theorem for homogeneous fuzzy differential equations. Chen [16] for fuzzy differential equations. Liu [17] studied an analytic method for solving uncertain differential equations. In this paper, we extend the result of Liu [17] to fuzzy differential equations driven by a Liu process within a controlled system.We study the exact controllability of abstract fuzzy differential equations in a credibility space:
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where the state x(t, θ) takes values in X(
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EN) and another bounded space Y (
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EN). We use the following notation: EN is the set of all upper semi-continuously convex fuzzy numbers on R, (
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,
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,Cr) is the credibility space, A is a fuzzy coefficient, the state function x : [0, T] × (
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,
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,Cr)
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X is a fuzzy process, f : [0, T] × X
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X is a fuzzy function, u : [0, T]×(
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,
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,Cr)
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Y is a control function, B is a linear bounded operator from Y to X, Ct is a standard Liu process and x0
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EN is an initial value.In Section 2, we discuss some basic concepts related to fuzzy sets and Liu processes.In Section 3, we show the existence of solutions to the free fuzzy differential equation (1)(u ≡ 0).Finally, in Section 4, we prove the exact controllability of the fuzzy differential Eq. (1).
2. Preliminaries
In this section, we give some basic definitions, terminology, notation, and Lemmas that are relevant to our investigation and are needed in latter sections. All undefined concepts and notions used here are standard.We consider EN to be the space of one-dimensional fuzzy numbers u : R
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[0, 1], satisfying the following properties:
(1)uis normal, i.e., there exists anu0Rsuch thatu(to) = 1;
(0, 1], and [u]0 are nonempty compact convex sets in R[8].Definition 2.1[19] We define a complete metric DL on EN by for any u, v
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EN, which satisfies DL(u + w, v + w) = DL(u, v) for each w
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EN, and
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for every α
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[0, 1] where
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,
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R with
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≤
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.Definition 2.2[20] For any u, v
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C([0, T],EN), the metric H1(u, v) on C([0, T],EN) is defined by Let
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be a nonempty set, and let
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be the power set of
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. Each element in
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is called an event. To present an axiomatic definition of credibility, it is necessary to assign a number Cr{A} to each event A indicating the credibility that A will occur. To ensure that the number Cr{A} has certain mathematical properties that we intuitively expect, we accept the following four axioms:
(1) (Normality)Cr{} = 1.
(2) (Monotonicity)Cr{A} ≤Cr{B} whenever AB.
(3) (Self−Duality)Cr{A}+Cr{Ac} = 1 for any eventA.
(4) (Maximality)Cr{∪iAi} = supiCr{Ai} for any events {Ai} with supiCr{Ai} < 0.5.
Definition 2.5[21] Let
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be a nonempty set,
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be the power set of
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, and Cr be a credibility measure. Then the triplet (
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,
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,Cr) is called a credibility space.Definition 2.6[14] A fuzzy variable is a function from a credibility space (
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,
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,Cr) to the set of real numbers.Definition 2.7[14] Let T be an index set and (
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,
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,Cr) be a credibility space. A fuzzy process is a function from T × (
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,
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,Cr) to the set of real numbers.That is, a fuzzy process x(t, θ) is a function of two variables such that the function x(t*, θ) is a fuzzy variable for each t*. For each fixed θ*, the function x(t, θ*) is called a sample path of the fuzzy process. A fuzzy process x(t, θ) is said to be sample-continuous if the sample ping is continuous for almost all θ. Instead of writing x(t, θ), we sometimes we use the symbol xt.Definition 2.8 Let (
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,
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,Cr) be a credibility space. For fuzzy random variable xt in credibility space, for each α
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[0, 1], the α-level set
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is defined by where
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with
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when α
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[0, 1].Definition 2.9[22] Let 𝜉 be a fuzzy variable and r is real number. Then the expected value of 𝜉 is defined by provided that at least one of the integrals is finite.Lemma 2.1[22] Let 𝜉 be a fuzzy vector. The expected value operator E has the following properties:
(i) iff≤g, thenE[f(𝜉)] ≤E[g(𝜉)],
(ii)E[−f(𝜉)] = −E[f(𝜉)],
(iii) if functionsfandgare comonotonic, then for any nonnegative real numbersaandb, we haveE[af(𝜉) +bg(𝜉)] =aE[f(𝜉)] +bE[g(𝜉)].
Where f(𝜉) and g(𝜉) are fuzzy variables.Definition 2.10[?] A fuzzy process Ct is said to be a Liu process if
(i)C0= 0,
(ii)Cthas stationary and independent increments,
(iii) every incrementCt+s―Csis a normally distributed fuzzy variable with expected value et and varianceσ2t2, whose membership function is,xR.
The parameters e and σ are called the drift and diffusion coefficients, respectively. Liu process is said to be standard if e = 0 and σ = 1.Definition 2.11[23] Let xt be a fuzzy process and let Ct be a standard Liu process. For any partition of closed interval [c, d] with c = t0 < · · · < tn = d, the mesh is written as
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. Then the fuzzy integral of xt with respect to Ct is provided that the limit exists almost surely and is a fuzzy variable.Lemma 2.2[23] Let Ct be a standard Liu process. For any given θ with Cr{θ} > 0, the path Ct is Lipschitz continuous, that is, the following inequality holds |Ct1 − Ct2 | < K(θ)|t1 − t2|, where K is a fuzzy variable called the Lipschitz constant of a Liu process with and E[Kp] < ∞, ∀p > 0.Lemma 2.3[23] Let Ct be a standard Liu process, and let h(t; c) be a continuously differentiable function. Define xt = h(t;Ct). Then we have the following chain ruleLemma 2.4[23] Let f(t) be continuous fuzzy process, the following inequality of fuzzy integral holds where K = K(θ) is defined in Lemma 2.2.
3. Existence of Solutions for Abstract Fuzzy Differential Equations
In this section, by Definition 2.7, instead of longer notation x(t, θ), sometimes we use the symbol xt. We consider the existence and uniquencess of solutions for the fuzzy differential Eq (1)(u ≡ 0).
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where the state xt takes values in X(
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EN). EN is the set of all upper semi-continuously convex fuzzy numbers on R, (
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,
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,Cr) is credibility space, A is fuzzy coefficient, the state function x : [0, T] × (
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,
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,Cr)
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X is a fuzzy process, f : [0,T] × X
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X is regular fuzzy function, Ct is a standard Liu process, x0
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EN is initial value.Lemma 3.1[19] Let ɡ be a function of two variables and let at be an integrable uncertain process. Then a given uncertain differential equation by dXt = atXtdt + ɡ(t,Xt)dCt has a solution where and Zt is the solution of uncertain differential equation dZt = Ytɡ(t, Y −1Zt)dCt with initial value Z0 = X0.Using Lemma 3.1, we show that, for fuzzy coefficient A, the Eq. (2) have a solution.Lemma 3.2 For x(0) = x0, if xt is solution of the Eq. (2), then the solution xt is given bywhere S(t) is continuous with S(0) = I, |S(t)| ≤ c, c > 0, for all t
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[0, T].Proof For fuzzy coefficient A, the following define inverse of S(t) S −1(t) = e −At. Then it follows that dS −1(t) = −Ae −Atdt = −AS −1(t)dt.Applying the integration by parts to the above equation provides That is, d(S −1(t)xt) = S −1(t)f(t, xt)dCt. Defining zt = S −1(t)xt, we obtain xt= S(t)zt and dzt = S −1(t)f(t, S(t)zt)dCt. Furthermore, we get in virtue of S(0) = I, and z0 = x0, Therefore the Eq. (2) has the following solution where we write S(t − s) instead of S(t)S −1(s).Assume the following statements:(H1) For xt, yt ∈ C([0, T] × (
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,
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,Cr),X), t ∈ [0, T], there exists positive number m such that dL([f(t, xt)]α, [f(t, yt)]α) ≤ mdL([xt]α, [yt]α) and f(0,X{0}(0)) ≡ 0.(H2) 2cmKT ≤ 1.By Lemma 3.2, we know that the Eq. (2) have a solution xt. Thus in Theorem 3.1, we show that uniqueness of solution for Eq. (2).Theorem 3.1 For every x0 ∈ EN, if hypotheses (H1), (H2) are hold, then the eEq. (2) have a unique solution xt ∈ C([0, T] × (
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,
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,Cr),X).Proof For each 𝜉t ∈ C([0, T] × (
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,
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,Cr),X), t ∈ [0, T] define Thus, one can show that
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𝜉 : [0, T]× (
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,
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,Cr)
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C([0, T]× (
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,
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,Cr),X) is continuous, then : C([0, T] × (,,Cr),X) C([0, T] × (,,Cr),X).It is also obvious that a fixed point of
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is solution for the Eq. (2). For
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, ηt ∈ C([0, T] × (
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,
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,Cr),X), by Lemma 2.4 and hypothesis (H1), we have Therefore, we obtain that Hence, for a.s. θ ∈
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, by Lemma 2.1, By hypotheses (H2),
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is a contraction mapping. By the Banach fixed point theorem, Eq. (2) have a unique fixed point xt ∈ C([0, T] × (
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,
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,Cr),X).
4. Exact Controllability for Abstract Fuzzy Differential Equations
In this section, we study exact controllability for abstract fuzzy differential Eq. (1).We consider solution for the Eq. (1), for each u in Y (⊂ EN).
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where S(t) is continuous with S(0) = I, |S(t)| ≤ c, c > 0, for all t ∈ [0, T].We define the controllability concept for abstract fuzzy differential equations.Definition 4.1 The Eq. (1) are said to be controllable on [0,T], if for every x0 ∈ EN there exists a control ut ∈ Y such that the solution x of (1) satisfies xT = x1 ∈ X, a.s. θ (i.e., [xT ]α = [x1]α).Define the fuzzy mapping
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:
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(R)
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X where
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(R) is a nonempty fuzzy subset of R and
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is closure of support u. Then there exists
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(i = l, r) such that We assume that
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,
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are bijective mappings.We can introduce α-level set of us defined by Then substitute this expression into the Eq. (3) yields α-level of xT . Hence this control ut satisfis xT = x1, a.s. θ.We now set where the fuzzy mappings
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satisfies above statements.(H3) Assume that the linear system of Eq. (1) (f ≡ 0) is controllable.Theorem 4.1 If Lemma 2.4 and the hypotheses (H1), (H2) and (H3) are satisfied, then the Eq. (1) are controllable on [0, T].Proof We can easily check that Φ is continuous from C([0, T]× (
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,
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,Cr),X) to itself. By Lemma 2.4 and hypotheses (H1) and (H2), for any given θ with Cr{θ} > 0, xt, yt ∈ C([0, T]× (
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,
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,Cr),X), we have Therefore by Lemma 2.1, We take sufficiently small T, (2cmKT) < 1. Hence Φ is a contraction mapping. We now apply the Banach fixed point theorem to show that the Eq. (3) have a unique fixed point.Consequently, the Eq. (1) are controllable on [0, T].Example 4.1 We consider the following abstract fuzzy differential equations in credibility space where the state xt takes values in X(⊂ EN) and another bounded space Y (⊂ EN). EN is the set of all upper semicontinuously convex fuzzy numbers on R, (
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,
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,Cr) is credibility space, A is a fuzzy coefficient, the state function x : [0, T]×(
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,
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,Cr) → X is a fuzzy process, f : [0, T]×X → X is a regular fuzzy function, u : [0, T] × (
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,
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,Cr) → Y is a control function, B is a linear bounded operator from Y to X. Ct is a standard Liu process, x0 ∈ EN is an initial value.Let f(t, xt) =
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txt,
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, defining zt = S −1(t)xt, then the balance equations become
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Therefore Lemma 3.2 is satisfy.The α-level set of fuzzy number
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is [2]α = [α + 1, 3 − α] for all α ∈ [0, 1]. Then α-level sets of f(t, xt) is [f(t, xt)]α =
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Further, we have where m = 3T satisfies the inequality in hypothesis (H1), (H2). Then all the conditions stated in Theorem 3.1 are satisfied.Let an initial value x0 is
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. Target set is x1 =
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The α-level set of fuzzy number
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is [
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] = [α − 1, 1 − α], α ∈ (0, 1]. We introduce the α-level set of us of Eq. (4). Then substituting this expression into the Eq. (5) yields α-level of xT . Then all the conditions stated in Theorem 4.1 are satisfied. So the Eq. (4) are controllable on [0, T].
5. Conclusions
If there is an exact controllability encouraged for the abstract fuzzy differential equations, it can provide a benchmark for an approach to handle controllability about the equations such as fuzzy semilinear integrodifferential equations, fuzzy delay integrodifferential equations on the credibility space. Therefore, the theoretical result of this study can be used to make stochastic extension on the credibility space.
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the research grant of Dong-A University in 2013.
BIO
Bu Young Lee received the Ph. D. degree from Gyeongsang National University in 1990. He is a professor at the Department of Mathematics, Dong-A University since 1983. His research interests include general topology, fuzzy mathematics, and fuzzy topology.
E-mail: bylee@dau.ac.krHae Eun Youm received the Ph. D. degree from Dong-A University in 2013. She is a lecturer in Kyungnam high school. Her research interest is in fuzzy mathematics.
E-mail: cara4303@hanmail.netJeong Soon Kim received the Ph. D. degree from Dong-A University in 2012. She is an assistant professor at the Department of Mathematics, Dong-A University since 2013. Her principal research area is fuzzy mathematics.
E-mail: jeskim@dau.ac.kr
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Citing 'Exact Controllability for Fuzzy Differential Equations in Credibility Space
'
@article{ E1FLA5_2014_v14n2_145}
,title={Exact Controllability for Fuzzy Differential Equations in Credibility Space}
,volume={2}
, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.5391/IJFIS.2014.14.2.145}, DOI={10.5391/IJFIS.2014.14.2.145}
, number= {2}
, journal={International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems}
, publisher={Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems}
, author={Lee, Bu Young
and
Youm, Hae Eun
and
Kim, Jeong Soon}
, year={2014}
, month={Jun}
TY - JOUR
T2 - International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
AU - Lee, Bu Young
AU - Youm, Hae Eun
AU - Kim, Jeong Soon
SN - 1598-2645
TI - Exact Controllability for Fuzzy Differential Equations in Credibility Space
VL - 14
PB - Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
DO - 10.5391/IJFIS.2014.14.2.145
PY - 2014
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5391/IJFIS.2014.14.2.145
ER -
Lee, B. Y.
,
Youm, H. E.
,
&
Kim, J. S.
( 2014).
Exact Controllability for Fuzzy Differential Equations in Credibility Space.
International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems,
14
(2)
Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems.
doi:10.5391/IJFIS.2014.14.2.145
Lee, BY
,
Youm, HE
,
&
Kim, JS
2014,
Exact Controllability for Fuzzy Differential Equations in Credibility Space,
International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems,
vol. 2,
no. 2,
Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5391/IJFIS.2014.14.2.145
[1]
BY Lee
,
HE Youm
,
and
JS Kim
,
“Exact Controllability for Fuzzy Differential Equations in Credibility Space”,
International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems,
vol. 2,
no. 2,
Jun
2014.
Lee, Bu Young
and
,
Youm, Hae Eun
and
,
Kim, Jeong Soon
and
,
“Exact Controllability for Fuzzy Differential Equations in Credibility Space”
International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems,
2.
2
2014:
Lee, BY
,
Youm, HE
,
Kim, JS
Exact Controllability for Fuzzy Differential Equations in Credibility Space.
International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
[Internet].
2014.
Jun ;
2
(2)
Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.5391/IJFIS.2014.14.2.145
Lee, Bu Young
,
Youm, Hae Eun
,
and
Kim, Jeong Soon
,
“Exact Controllability for Fuzzy Differential Equations in Credibility Space.”
International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
2
no.2
()
Jun,
2014):
http://dx.doi.org/10.5391/IJFIS.2014.14.2.145