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Five new species of the genus
Hyattella
(Dictyoceratida: Spongiidae);
Hyattella chaguiensis
n. sp.,
H. munseomensis
n. sp.,
H. sumsangiensis
n. sp.,
H. bakusi
n. sp., and
H. purpurea
n. sp., were collected from Jeju-do, Korea.
Hyattella chaguiensis
n. sp. is similar to
H. mara
Sim and Lee, 2014 in shape, but differs in dermal membrane and primary fibres.
Hyattella munseomensis
n. sp. differs in cored primary fibres, having middle-size sand.
Hyattella sumsangiensis
n. sp. is characterized by color changes and very soft texture.
Hyattella bakusi
n. sp. and
H. purpurea
n. sp. are similar in shape, having tube-like elevated holes, but differ in skeletal structures.
The genus Hyattella within family Spongiidae is characterized by a cavernous sponge body, and numerous cored primary fibres in the skeletal structure (Cook and Bergquist, 2001; Hooper and Van Soest, 2002). Among the genus Hyattella, three species H. intestinalis (Lamark, 1814) from the Indopacific, H. cavernosa (Pallas, 1766) from the West Indian and H. sinuosa (Pallas, 1766) from Indian Ocean are well known and well characterized species. Bergquist (1980) reviewed 14 species of Hyattella reported from Australia by Von Lendenfeld (1889). Among them, except three species, all of the genus Hyattella have been placed in other genera or synonymized. Many authors reported genus Hyattella (Willson, 1902; Dendy, 1905; De Laubenfels, 1936, 1948, 1954; Wiedenmayer, 1977; Van Soest, 1978). To date, 12 valid species of the genus Hyattella have been reported worldwide (Van Soest et al., 2014). Four species, H. sinchangensis, H. mara, H. jeolmyeongyeo and H. lendenfeldi have been reported from Korean waters (Sim and Lee, 2014).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Specimens were collected from depth of 5-25 m at Jeju-do by SCUBA diving, during the period 2000-2012. All specimens were fixed in 95% or absolute ethanol. Identification was made on the basis of external features of the sponges, including growth form and skeletal structure.This procedure followed the methods of Sim and Lee (2002). Sponges were examined under stereomicroscope (Stemi SV 6; Carl Zeiss) and light microscope (Axioscop II; Carl Zeiss). The Voucher specimens examined in this study were deposited at the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), Incheon, Korea.
Hyattella chaguiensis n. sp. A, Entire animal; B, Thin fibres network within dermal membrane; C, Surface primary fibres; D, Thin long fibres from secondary fibress; E, Thin long secondary fibress; F, Thick secondary fibres at the base. Scale bars: A=2 cm, B-F=100 μm.
Material examined. Holotype (NIBRIV0000300313), Korea, Jeju-do, Jeju-si, Hankyung-myeon, Gosan-ri, Chaguido Island, 19 Oct 2001, Lee KJ, by SCUBA diving, depth 5 m, deposited in the NIBR.Description. Massive sponge, size up to 8×6×3 cm. Surface, smooth with numerous holes and many irregular folds of thin sheets like paper. Dermal membrane with thin regular network fibres, 5-10 μm in diameter. Thin fibres separate readily from dermal membrane. Texture, soft and compressible. Color, beige in life.Skeleton: Primary fibres, 40-60 μm in diameter, very slightly cored with small sands. Uncored secondary fibres, 15-45 μm in diameter, well developed and make complex mesh. Thin long secondary fibres, 5-10 μm in diameter, run from thick secondary fibres which appear near surface.Etymology. This species is named after the type locality, Chaguido Island, Jeju-do, Korea.Remarks. This new species is similar to Hyattella maraSim and Lee, 2014 in shape but differs in dermal membrane and primary fibres. The primary fibres of the former are slightly cored with small sands, but the letter cored with sand and spicules. The surface membrane of the former has regular network with thin fibres, while the latter has not thin regular network.1*Hyattella munseomensis n. sp. (Fig. 2)
Hyattella munseomensis n. sp. A, Entire animal; B, Closed surface; C, Primary and secondary fires; D, Closed primary fires; E, Thin long secondary fires; F, Surface membrane with fibre network. Scale bars: A=3 cm, B=1 cm, C-F=100 μm.
Material examined. Holotype (NIBRIV0000300314), Korea, Jeju-do, Seogwipo-si, Munseom, 7 Nov 2000, Lee KJ by SCUBA diving, 20 m in depth, deposited in the NIBR.Description. Thickly incrusting, cushion shape, size up to 16×6×7 cm. One large oscule like hole, 1.5 cm in diameter, open on side of sponge body. Small multi-hole, 2-3 mm in diameter, irregularly scattered over sponge surface. Smooth surface has thin membrane with fibre network. Color, beige and partially purple in life. Texture firm and compressible because of very cavernous interior.Skeleton: primary fibres, 40 μm in diameter, cored with small sands. Secondary fibres, 20-60 μm in diameter. Thin long secondary fibres, 10 μm in diameter, run from thick secondary fibres.Etymology. This species is named after the type locality, Munseom, Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do, Korea.Remarks. This new species is similar to Hyattella sinchangensisSim and Lee, 2014 in growth form, but differs in several large oscule-like hole. Thin long secondary fibres may not really be tertiary fibres, even though originate from the thick secondary fibres. They only extend into the surface membrane.1*Hyattella sumsangiensis n. sp. (Fig. 3)
Hyattella sumsangiensis n. sp. A, Entire animal; B, Dermal membrane with primary and secondary fibres; C, Primary and secondary fibres in choanosome; D, Secondary fibres. Scale bars: A=2 cm, B-D=100 μm.
Material examined. Holotype (NIBRIV0000300315), Korea, Jeju-do, Chuja-myeon, Sumsangi, 11 Oct 2012, Kim HS, by SCUBA diving, depth 30 m, deposited in the NIBR.Description. Massive, very cavernous sponge, size up to 7×4×5 cm. Surface with thin membrane, very smooth. Diverse oscules-like hole in size, 3-5 mm in diameter, open at sponge surface. Color, purple in life but gradually change to dark brown in alcohol. Texture, very soft and compressible.Skeleton: primary fibres, 80-100 μm in diameter, densely cored with large sands. Secondary fibres, 30-50 μm in diameter, made regular mesh.Etymology. This species is named after the type locality, Sumsangi, Chujado Island, Jeju-do, Korea.Remarks. This new species is similar to Hyattella sinchangensisSim and Lee, 2014 in growth form but differs in very soft texture and color change.2*Hyattella bakusi n. sp. (Fig. 4)
Hyattella bakusi n. sp. A, Entire animal; B, Surface; C, Fasciculate primary fibres at the surface; D, Primary and secondary fibres in choanosome. Scale bars: A=3 cm, B=6 cm, C, D=100 μm.
Material examined. Holotype (NIBRIV0000300316), Korea, Jeju-do, Jeju-si, Chuja-myeon, Jeolmyeongyeo, 2 Aug 2002, Lee KJ, by SCUBA diving, depth 25-35 m, deposited in the NIBR.Description. Thickly encrusting, size up to 15×7×2 cm. Uneven surface with wrinkles and several elevated hole-like tubes, 1 cm diameter, 1-1.5 cm height. Texture, firm and compressible. Color, brownish violet in life.Skeleton: primary fibres at surface 40-80-100 μm in diameter, made fascicle, clear sand core, secondary fibres 25-40 μm in diameter made regular mesh.Etymology. This species name bakusi is named after the Late Dr. Gerald J. Bakus, who was a professor in the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, a marine ecologist and sponge taxonomist.Remarks. This new species is similar to Hyattella chaguiensis n. sp. on the surface, with slightly fasciculated primary fibres, but differs in cored sand. This new species has dense cored sand in primary fibres.3*Hyattella purpurea n. sp. (Fig. 5)
Hyattella purpurea n. sp. A, Entire animal; B, Dermal membrane with fibres network; C, Primary and secondary fibres; D, Closed primary fibres. Scale bars: A=3 cm, B-D=100 μm.
Material examined. Holotype (NIBRIV0000300317), Korea, Jeju-do, Jeju-si, Chuja-myeon, 9 Oct 2012, Kim HS, by SCUBA diving, depth 25 m, deposited in the NIBR.Description. Thickly encrusted on the substrate, size up to 16×4×5 cm. Surface has many long tubes with oscule-like holes, 5-8 mm in diameter, coalescent at bottom. Thin membrane over surface with thick regular fibre network, and mucous. Surface color dark purple, interior pale brown and beige. Texture soft, compressible and easy to tear. Inside of sponge, cavernous. Small conules occur at surface.Skeleton: primary fibres, 60-150 μm in diameter, very rarely cored with sands. Secondary fibres, 10-40 μm in diameters, not cored, and meshes, 45-90 μm in diameter or 234-436 μm in diameter.Etymology. This species is named after the live color purple.Remarks. This new species is similar to Hyattella bakusi n. sp. in shape, elevated tube, but differs in rarely cored primary fibres and thick surface fibre network.
DISCUSSION
In this study, the finding of five new Hyattella species from Jeju Island increases the total number of Hyattella species in the Korean water, from four to nine species. Except one, Hyatella lendenfeldiSim and Lee, 2014, from Gageo Island, most of the reported H. species, occuring in the Jeju Island, shows the very high diversity compared to other areas. All our Hyattella specimens are very cavernous through the sponge body and thick mass encrusting growth form. Some have elevated tube-like hole at the upper surface. De Laubenfels (1954) stated that the ectosome of Hyattella concertina is loaded with foreign spicules and sand particles, whereas in our specimens do not have foreign material in the ectosome. Van Soest (1978) have redescribed about the Hyattella intestinalis(Lamarck), but most of them are tropical and are different from our specimens in skeletal structure. Our study was focused on cavernous sponge shape, cored primary fibres and secondary fibres network. Several species are distinct from each other in cored primary fibres, secondary fibres network and growth form (Table 1).
This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIBR No. 2013-02-058). We thank the late Dr. Gerald. J. Bakus, Department of Biological Science, University of Southern California, for his advice and review of the manuscript on July 9, 2014. We would like to thank Dr. Klaus Ruetzler, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, his help in providing us access to the valuable research materials.
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Citing 'Five New Species of Genus Hyattella (Dictyoceratida: Spongiidae) from Korea
'
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,title={Five New Species of Genus Hyattella (Dictyoceratida: Spongiidae) from Korea}
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TY - JOUR
T2 - Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
AU - Sim, Chung Ja
AU - Kim, Young A
AU - Lee, Kyung Jin
SN - 2234-6953
TI - Five New Species of Genus Hyattella (Dictyoceratida: Spongiidae) from Korea
VL - 31
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Sim, C. J.
,
Kim, Y. A.
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&
Lee, K. J.
( 2015).
Five New Species of Genus Hyattella (Dictyoceratida: Spongiidae) from Korea.
Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity,
31
(1)
The Korean Society of Systematic Zoology.
doi:10.5635/ASED.2015.31.1.008
Sim, CJ
,
Kim, YA
,
&
Lee, KJ
2015,
Five New Species of Genus Hyattella (Dictyoceratida: Spongiidae) from Korea,
Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity,
vol. 1,
no. 1,
Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5635/ASED.2015.31.1.008
[1]
CJ Sim
,
YA Kim
,
and
KJ Lee
,
“Five New Species of Genus Hyattella (Dictyoceratida: Spongiidae) from Korea”,
Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity,
vol. 1,
no. 1,
Jan
2015.
Sim, Chung Ja
and
,
Kim, Young A
and
,
Lee, Kyung Jin
and
,
“Five New Species of Genus Hyattella (Dictyoceratida: Spongiidae) from Korea”
Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity,
1.
1
2015:
Sim, CJ
,
Kim, YA
,
Lee, KJ
Five New Species of Genus Hyattella (Dictyoceratida: Spongiidae) from Korea.
Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
[Internet].
2015.
Jan ;
1
(1)
Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.5635/ASED.2015.31.1.008
Sim, Chung Ja
,
Kim, Young A
,
and
Lee, Kyung Jin
,
“Five New Species of Genus Hyattella (Dictyoceratida: Spongiidae) from Korea.”
Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
1
no.1
()
Jan,
2015):
http://dx.doi.org/10.5635/ASED.2015.31.1.008