In Korea, 104 species of Notodontidae have been recorded. The genus
Odontosia
Hübner is characterized by the elongate and serrate margin of its forewing and the prominent harpe of valva and many spinular cornuti on the vesica of the male genitalia and the robust ductus bursae and large, ovate and sclerotized corpus bursae of the female genitalia. Only one species of
Odontosia
,
O. patricia
Stichel, 1918, has been reported from Korea. In this paper,
Odontosia sieversii
(Ménétriès, 1856) is newly added to the Korean fauna based on three male specimens collected at Mt. Bangtaesan, Gangwon-do, Korea. Diagnosis for the species and photographs of adult and genitalia of the genus
Odontosia
are provided.
INTRODUCTION
Moths of Notodontidae are medium to large-sized moths, comprising approximately 2,500-3,000 species worldwide (Scoble, 1992). They can be easily recognized by the large and triangular forewing with a large prominent “tooth” on the posterior margin and long abdomen. This prominent “tooth” of the forewing produces a tuft that breaks the insect’s outline and aids crypsis while the moth is at rest (Miller, 1991; Park and Kwon, 2001). The monophyly of the Notodontidae is well supported by the serrated edges on the tips of the tibial spurs and a teardrop-shaped, swollen area (bulla) of the metascutal region above the tympanum (Miller, 1991; Scoble, 1992). In larvae, two MD setae on A1, seta X in the anterolateral corner of the anal shield, one SV seta on T2 and T3, a smooth mandibular cutting edge of the late instar larvae, the dorsoventrally compressed and bifid adenosma, and the highly modified anal prolegs that often with eversible distal glands are common characteristics of notodontid larvae (Kitching and Rawlins, 1999).
In Korea, 104 species of Notodontidae have been recorded (Park and Kwon, 2011). The genus
Odontosia
Hübner is characterized by the violet-brownish ground color, the elongate and serrate margin of the forewing, the prominent harpe of valva and many spinular cornuti on the vesica of the male genitalia and the robust ductus bursae and the large, ovate and sclerotized corpus bursae of the female genitalia (Schintlmeister, 2008). Four species of
Odontosia
are recorded in the Palearctic region (Schintlmeister, 2008). One species of
Odontosia
,
O. patricia
Stichel was known in South Korea (Choi, 2008; Park and Kwon, 2011). The aim of the present study was to review the species of
Odontosia
in Korea, including a new record of the second species of
Odontosia
from Korea. Examination of adults including male genitalia refers to Scoble (1992). The specimens are preserved at Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, Korea. Abbreviations are as follows: JN, Province Jeollanam-do; GW, Province Gangwon-do; MNU, Mokpo National University.
SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNTS
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Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758
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Family Notodontidae, Stephens, 1829
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GenusOdontosiaHübner, 1819
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OdontosiaHübner, 1819: 145. Type species:Phalaena carmelitaEsper, 1799.
Diagnosis.
The members of the genus can be distinguished by the bipectinate male antennae, short labial palpi, vestigial
Adults of Odontosia Hübner. A, Odontosia patricia; B,Odontosia sieversii.
proboscis, thorax with dense woolly hair and scales, and elongate wings with thinly scaled forewing with strongly serrate margin. They are similar to those of
Lophontosia
Staudinger in the dorsally tapering central fascia of forewing and dentate distal margin of wings. However, these two genera can be separated by the wing ground color and the male and female genitalia. The male genitalia are characterized by the relatively short and hooked uncus and a pair of digitate gnathos, a medially expanded long slender membranous valva and a sclerotized harpe and the broad, shallow saccus. The male genitalia of
Odontosia
can be distinguished from those of
Lophontosia
by the relatively long and well-developed gnathos and broad saccus without medial projection. The female genitalia can be distinguished by the simple ostium bursae, the long sclerotized ductus bursae, and the large ovate corpus bursae with a patch of signa.
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Odontosia patriciaStichel (Korean name: Top-ni-tti-jae-ju-na-bang) (Figs. 1A,2A, B)
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Odontosia patriciaStichel, 1918: 38, Pl. 1:20 (TL: Vladivostok).
Male genitalia of Odontosia Hübner. A, B, Odontosiapatricia; C, D, Odontosia sieversii. Scale bars: A-D=1 mm.
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Odontosia walakuiKobayashi, 2006: 155 (TL: Japan, Hokkaido); Schintlmeister, 2008: 317.
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Odontosia brinikhiDubatolov, 2006: 157 (cited from Kobayashi et al., 2006); Schintlmeister, 2008: 317.
Material examined.
Korea: [JN], 2♂, Gurye, Jirisan Mt., N35°18′02′′, E127°33′10′′, 1,371 m, 22 May 2008, coll. MNU; 3♂, Gurye, Jirisan Mt., N35°18′02′′, E 127°33′10′′, 1,371 m, 12 May 2008, coll. MNU; 4♂, Gurye, Jirisan Mt., N35°18′13′′, E127°33′35′′, 1,330 m, 12 May 2012, coll. MNU; 1♂, Gurye, Jirisan Mt., N35°18′21′′, E127°30′45′′, 1,074 m, 11 May 2012, coll. MNU.
Diagnosis.
This species (wingspan 35-38 mm) can be distinguished by the larger wingspan, the shortly bipectinate male antennae, short labial palpi, long and brown hairy thorax and legs, and the dorsally shrunk central fascia with dentate postmedial line of dark brownish forewing. This species is externally similar to
O. sieversii
(Ménétriès) in the shape of wings, but can be distinguished by the short bipectinate male antennae, the darker, blackish wing ground color and the costally projected yellowish white postmedial lines of forewings. The male genitalia (
Fig. 2
A, B) can be diagnosed by the relatively short and hooked uncus, a pair of digitate gnathos, the slender membranous valva with dorsally expanded and a long, strongly sclerotized digitate harpe and slender aedeagus with three patches of spinular cornuti. The male genitalia of
O. patricia
can be distinguished from those of
O. sieversii
by the less developed costa, the larger cucullus with rounded distal margin and the relatively long and spinular harpe of valva. The female genitalia of
O. patricia
are characterized by the simple ostium bursae, the medially expanded and strongly sclerotized ductus bursae and the ovate corpus bursae with a rounded signum patch of spinular processes (Schintlmeister, 2008).
Biology.
The species feeds on
Betula
(Betulaceae) (Nishio, 2004).
Distribution.
Korea, Japan, Russia (Siberia west, Mt. Sajan, Primorye), Mongolia.
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Odontosia sieversii(Ménétriès, 1856) (Korean name: Bom-jae-ju-na-bang) (Figs. 1B,2C, D)
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Notodonta sieversiiMénétriès, 1856: 44 (TL: Russia, St. Petersburg).
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Odontosia sieversii ussuricaBytinski-Salz, 1939: 167 (TL: Russia, Primorye).
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Odontosia seversii moraviaDaniel, 1964: 39, Pl. 6: 8-11 (TL: Czechia); Schintlmeister, 2008: 319.
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Odontosia arnoldianaKiriakoff, 1967: 187 (TL: Russia, Wladiwostok); Schintlmeister, 2008: 319.
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Odontosia sieversii japonibiaMatsumura, 1929: 44 (TL: Japan, Sapporo).
Material examined.
Korea: 3♂ [GW], Mt. Bangtaesan, Jeongseon-gun, 17 Apr 2012, Kim SS.
Diagnosis.
The species (Wingspan 40-42 mm) is superficially related to
O. patricia
Stichel in the fuscous forewing and grayish hindwing and wing pattern elements of both fore and hindwings, but can be distinguished by its rather larger size, the long bipectinate male antennae, the medially more sharply pointed postmedial line and the thin and blackish marking on the dorsum of forewing, and the simple 8th sternite without the sclerotized flap. The male genitalia (
Fig. 2
C, D) can be characterized by the short, robust uncus, a pair of digitate socii, the broad valva, the strongly sclerotized costa with a basal spear head-shaped process and a distal spatulate process, the minute harpe, and the aedeagus with 3-4 long patches of spinules. The male genitalia of
O. sieversii
can be distinguished from those of
O. patricia
by the strongly sclerotized costa with a long basal process and a distal broad process, the short harpe and the long patches of spinules on the aedeagus. The female genitalia of
O. sieversii
are characterized by the simple, sclerotized ostium bursae, the long sclerotized ductus bursae and the small ovate corpus bursae (Schintlmeister, 2008). The female genitalia of
O. sieversii
can be distinguished from those of
O. patricia
by the long, slender ductus bursae and the membranous corpus bursae with a signum patch.
Biology.
This species appears in April. The species feeds on
Betula
(Betulaceae) (Sugi, 1987).
Distribution.
Korea (new record), Japan to Europe.
Remarks.
Schintlmeister (2008) noted the presence of this species in Korea without any detailed information. He included Heilongjiang of northeastern China and Russian Far East in the distribution map of this species, except the Korean peninsula. Park and Kwon (2011) did not include
O. sieversii
in the list of the Korean Notodontidae. Therefore, we proposed that this is the first time to report the presence of
O. sieversii
in Korea.
Acknowledgements
This study was supported by a grant from the National Instituteof Biological Resources (NIBR), funded by the Ministryof Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIBR No.2013-02-001).
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