A three specimen of
Icelus toyamensis
, belonging to Cottidae, Scorpaeniformes, was firstly collected from the East Sea, Korea during 2007-2009. We herein described the species as the first record from Korea on the basis of these specimens.
Icelus toyamensis
is characterized by the following morphological combinations: spinous scales absent on the base of dorsal fin; small ctenoid scales scattered on body sides; gill rakers are short, tubular, and relatively broad; the uppermost preopercular spine is sharp and simple; dorsal fin rays VIII-IX, 20-21; anal fin soft rays 18-19; pectoral fin rays 18, and vertebrae 40-41. New Korean name of
I. toyamensis
is proposed as “Min-jul-ga-si-hoet-dae.”
INTRODUCTION
A total of approximately 275 species in about 70 genera are recognized in the family Cottidae, order Scorpaeniformes (Nelson, 2006); of those, 33 species in 18 genera have been recognized in Korea (Kim et al., 2005). The genus
Icelus
Krøyer, 1845, is distinguished by the presence of a pelvic fin with one spine and three soft rays, small conical teeth on both jaws, vomer, and palatines. Four preopercular spines are present. Lateral line scales are tubular and flattened on lateral and medial surfaces (Nelson, 1984).
Icelus
comprises 17 species worldwide, with three species previously recorded in Korea (Kim et al., 2005):
Icelus cataphractus
Pavlenko, 1910,
Icelus ochotensis
Schmidt, 1927, and
Icelus stenosomus
Andriashev, 1937.
In this study, three specimens of
Icelus toyamensis
Matsubara and Iwai, 1951, were collected from Korea for the first time; we here describe the species on the basis of these specimens. Methods for counts and measurements follow those of Hubbs and Lagler (2004); the numbers of fin rays and vertebrae were counted by soft X-ray (Hitex HA-100; Hitex Co., Tokyo, Japan). The specimens are deposited in the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), Korea.
SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNTS
-
Order Scorpaeniformes
-
Family Cottidae Bonaparte, 1832
-
GenusIcelusKrøyer , 1845
-
1*Icelus toyamensis(Matsubara and Iwai, 1951) (Table 1,Fig. 1)
Ricuzenius toyamensis
Matsubara and Iwai, 1951: 87, figs. 1-3 (type locality: Off Uozu, Japan); Masuda et al., 1984: 324.
Icelus toyamensis
: Nakabo, 2002: 633; Tsuruoka et al., 2006: 51; Shinohara et al., 2011: 44.
Material examined.
2 specimens, 77.7-117.7 mm standard
Comparison of counts and measurement of Icelus toyamenesisParenthesis indicate average
Comparison of counts and measurement of Icelus toyamenesis Parenthesis indicate average
Icelus toyamenesis, NIBR-P4791, 118.2 mm standard length, collected from Hupo fishing ports.
Icelus cataphractus, PKU 5044, 141.18 mm standard length, collected from Yangyang.
length (SL), Gyeongsanbuk-do, Uljin-gun, Hupo-myeon, Hupo-ri, Hupo fishing ports, 18 Mar 2009, NIBR-P 4791. 1 specimen, 90.1 mm SL, Gangwon-do, Goseong-gun, Jukwangmyeon, Oho-ri, 18 Mar 2007, Kim AR, NIBR-P 0000016324, from a deep sea water pump at 300 m water depth.
Comparative material examined.
Icelus cataphractus
, 1 specimen, 141.18 mm SL, Gangwon-do, Yangyang, 2 Dec 2010, PKU 5044 (
Fig. 2
).
Description.
Counts and measurements are shown in Table 1. Body slightly compressed; head large and slightly depressed. Snout short and blunt. Mouth terminal; anterior tip of lower jaw projecting further than anterior tip of upper jaw. Conical teeth on both jaws; small teeth on vomer and palatines. Eyes large; interorbital space very narrow and flat. Pair of small sharp nasal spines directed posterodorsally on anterior nostril. Pair of strong spines in occipital region. Four preopercular spines; uppermost spine simple, sharp, slightly curved upward, and longer than the other three spines, which are short. Gill rakers 2+9; those on the lower limb short, rounded or tubular in shape, and with spiny processes on upper surface. Small spines scattered on suborbital, cheek, and nuchal regions. Origin of dorsal fin vertically above upper end of gill opening; dorsal fin extends until above 32nd-33rd lateral line scale; dorsal spine rays and soft rays smoothly separated. Pectoral fin relatively long, extending posteriorly to below 5th-6th dorsal fin ray. Pelvic fin small; begins under lower base of pectoral fin and extends to anus. Caudal fin slightly rounded and truncate. Small scattered ctenoids; rare on dorsal and ventral sides. Lateral line scales tubular and sparse, extending from opercular flap to base of caudal fin.
Coloration.
After fixation in formalin: body and head uniformly blackish brown; snout and circumorbital regions black; posterior margin of dorsal fin spines blackish, with
A base of dorsal fin. A, Icelus toyamenesis, NIBR-P4791; B, Icelus cataphractus, PKU 5044. Scale bars: A, B=1mm.
Gill-rakers on the first arch. A, Icelus toyamenesis, NIBR-P4791; B, Icelus cataphractus, PKU 5044.
several irregular dark brown bars on dorsal fin soft rays, pectoral fin rays, and caudal fin rays (
Fig. 1
).
Distribution.
Icelus toyamensis
was collected from Korea, in Goseong, Gangwon-do and Hupo, Gyeongsangbuk-do. The species also occurs in the Niigata and Ishikawa prefectures, Japan (Nakabo, 2002).
Remarks.
The specimens collected in Goseong, Gangwondo and Hupo, Gyeongsangbuk-do, belong to the genus
Icelus
, based on the presence of teeth on the vomer and palatine, the presence of small spines on occipital, cheek, and nuchal regions (Krøyer, 1845; Matsubara and Iwai, 1951; Nakabo, 2002), and the presence of small scattered ctenoids on the dorsal and ventral sides of the body (Matsubara and Iwai, 1951; Nakabo, 2002). When compared with the original description (Matsubara and Iwai, 1951) and other references (Watanabe, 1981; Nakabo, 2002), most of the meristic characters correspond to those described by other authors, except for the number of caudal fin rays and the number of lower limbs of the gill rakers. These differences are thought to be related to geographic variations, but the correspondence of variations to geographic provinces requires further clarification.
Uppermost preopercular spine. A, Icelus toyamenesis, NIBR-P4791, sharp and simple; B, Icelus cataphractus, PKU 5044, bifurcated. Scale bars: A, B=0.5 mm.
When compared with the congeneric species
I. cataphractus
, our specimens of
I. toyamensis
are similar in terms of counts and measurements, but differ in terms of morphological characteristics. These are distinguished by the absence of spinous scales on the base of the dorsal fin in
I. toyamensis
vs. their presence in
I. cataphractus
(
Fig. 3
). Also, the gill rakers in
I. toyamensis
are short, tubular, and relatively broad, whereas those in
I. cataphractus
are large, circular, and relatively narrow (
Fig. 4
). Lastly, the uppermost preopercular spine in
I. toyamensis
is sharp and simple, whereas the preopercular spine in
I. cataphractus
is bifurcate (
Fig. 5
).
Icelus ochotensis
and
I. stenosomus
are distinguished from
I. toyamensis
by the distributions of body scales (scattered in
I. toyamensis
vs. arranged in rows in
I. ochotensis
and
I. stenosomus
) (Nelson, 1984; Nakabo, 2002; Kim et al., 2005). We propose a new Korean name for
I. toyamensis
, “Min-julga- shi-hoet-dae.”
Korean name: 1*민줄가시횟대
Andriashev AP
1937
Neue Angaben ?ber die Systematik undgeographische Verbreitung der zweih?rnigen pazifischenIcelus-Arten.
Zoologische Jahrb?cher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere
69
253 -
276
Hubbs CL
,
Lagler KF
2004
Fishes of the Great Lakes region.Revised ed.
University of Michigan Press
Ann Arbor, MI
1 -
332
Kim IS
,
Choi Y
,
Lee CL
,
Lee YJ
,
Kim BJ
,
Kim JH
2005
Illustratedbook of Korean fishes.
Kyo-Hak Publishing Co.
Seoul
(in Korean)
1 -
615
Krøyer HN
1845
Ichthyolgiske bidrag. 7. Icelus hamatus.
Naturhist Tidsskr
1
1 -
253
Masuda H
,
Amaoka K
,
Araga C
,
Uyeno T
,
Yoshino T
1984
The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago.
Tokai University Press
Tokyo
291, 324 -
Matsubara K
,
Iwai T
1951
A new cottid fish found in ToyamaBay.
Miscellaneous Reports of the Research Institute for Natural Resources, Tokyo
19-20
86 -
93
Nakabo T
2002
Cottidae. In: Fishes of Japan with pictorial keysto the species. English ed. (Ed., Nakabo T).
Tokai University Press
Tokyo
1525-1528
628 -
650
Nelson DW
1984
Systematics and distribution of cottid fishesof the genera Rastrinus and Icelus.
Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences
138
1 -
58
Nelson JS
2006
Fishes of the world.
4th ed.
John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Hoboken, NJ
1 -
601
Pavlenko MN
1910
Fishes of Peter the Great Bay.
Trudy Obshchestva Estestvoispitateleipri Imperatorskom Kazanskom Universitet
(in Russian)
42
1 -
95
Schmidt PJ
1927
A revision of the genus Icelus Kr?yer (Pisces:Cottidae) with the description of a new species from theOkhotsk Sea.
Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Akademii Nauk SSSR
28
1 -
8
Shinohara G
,
Shirai AM
,
Nazarkin MV
,
Yabe M
2011
Preliminarylist of the deep-sea fishes of the sea of Japan.
Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series A (Zoology)
37
35 -
62
Tsuruoka O
,
Munehara H
,
Yabe M
2006
A new cottid species,Icelus sekii (Perciformes: Cottoidei), from Hokkaido, Japan.
Ichthyological Research
53
47 -
51
Watanabe M
1981
Supplements to Fauna Japonica, Cottidae(1960).
Bulletin of the Biogeography Society of Japan
36
102 -
131